nginx+keepalived高可用配置文档
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系统环境
两台Nginx:
CentOS6.5 x86_64
两台tomcat:
CentOS6.5 x86_64
拓扑图
机器IP
安装软件
角色
虚拟ip
描述
192.168.1.132
Nginx、keepalived
Nginx主机
192.168.1.135
反向代理到tomcat1和tomcat2
192.168.1.133
Nginx、keepalived
Nginx备机
主机挂了切换虚拟ip192.168.1.135
反向代理到tomcat1和tomcat2
192.168.1.128
Tomcat
Tomcat1
无
192.168.1.30
Tomcat
Tomcat2
无
IP分配
nginx(主LB):192.168.1.132
nginx(备LB):192.168.1.133
VIP地址:192.168.1.135
Real1的IP:192.168.1.128
Real2的IP:192.168.1.30
然后
在192.168.1.128和192.168.1.30上分别解压修改tomcat的index页面:
vi webapps/ROOT/index.jsp
修改页面html部分
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
SessionID:<%=session.getId()%>
<br/>
SessionIP:<%=request.getServerName()%>
<br/>
<h1>tomcat1 page</h1>
</body>
</html>
这样可以通过访问index来判断访问是不是轮询的
二、安装配置Nginx
1.用yum命令安装GCC编译器等环境依赖包:
yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ autoconf automake libtool make openssl openssl-devel pcre pcre-devel
2.下载安装Nginx:
wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.11.8.tar.gz
注:这里也可以下载tengine压缩包,比一般nginx多一些功能
tar -zxvf nginx-1.11.8.tar.gz
cd nginx-1.11.8/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx
--sbin-path=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
--conf-path=/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
--pid-path=/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid \
--with-http_ssl_module \
--with-http_stub_status_module \
--with-http_gzip_static_module \
make && make install
注:查询"./configure --help"相关模块,按需求指定启用
3.配置Nginx.conf
配置文件,二个nginx负载均衡器的文件一样
user nobody;
worker_processes 1;
error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/error.log notice;
pid /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid;
worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;
events {
use epoll;
worker_connections 51200;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
access_log logs/access.log main;
server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
client_header_buffer_size 32k;
large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;
client_max_body_size 8m;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
server_tokens off;
keepalive_timeout 60;
fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;
fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;
fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;
gzip on;
upstream backend
{
server 192.168.1.128;
server 192.168.1.130;
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name 192.168.1.135;
location / {
root html;
index index.php index.html index.htm;
proxy_redirect off;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
#后端的Web服务器可以通过X-Forwarded-For获取用户真实IP
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_pass http://backend;
}
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
location /nginx_status {
stub_status on;
auth_basic "NginxStatus";
auth_basic_user_file /usr/local/nginx/htpasswd;
#allow 127.0.0.1;
#deny all;
}
location ~* \.(ini|docx|txt|doc|pdf)$ {
#禁止访问文档性文件
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
deny all;
}
location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf|js|html|htm|css)$ {
root /home/image;
proxy_store on;
proxy_store_access user:rw group:rw all:rw;
proxy_temp_path /home/image;
if ( !-e $request_filename) {
proxy_pass http://backend;
}
}
}
}
三.安装及配置keepalived
1.安装keepalived
在两台nginx服务器张安装keepalived:
wget http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.2.15.tar.gz
tar -zxvf keepalived-1.2.15.tar.gz
cd keepalived-1.2.15
./configure --sysconf=/etc/ --with-kernel-dir=/usr/src/kernels/2.6.32-573.8.1.el6.x86_64
make && make install
ln -s /usr/local/sbin/keepalived /sbin/
注意:这里有坑,
#这一步很重要,不执行ln -s会报错“Starting keepalived: /bin/bash: keepalived: command not found”
service keepalived start
二台Nginx上keepalived.conf配置文件如下,配置完成后分别service keepalived start启动。检验keepalived配置是否成功
两台keepalived的配置如下:可以看出两者之间的区别仅仅是主备的权重不同,主为100备为66,其余一些有作用的配置已经用红色标注
主:
global_defs {
notification_email {
test@163.com
}
notification_email_from keepalived@localhost
smtp_server 127.0.0.1
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id LVS_MASTER
}
vrrp_script chk_http_port {
#这里是写的一个检测脚本
script "/usr/local/src/check_nginx_pid.sh"
interval 2 #(检测脚本执行的间隔)
weight 2
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
#state MASTER
state BACKUP
nopreempt
#设置非抢占模式时,修改“state MASTER”为“state BACKUP”,添加“nopreempt“
interface bond0
virtual_router_id 51
priority 100
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
track_script {
chk_http_port #(调用检测脚本)
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.1.135
}
}
备:
global_defs {
notification_email {
test@163.com
}
notification_email_from keepalived@localhost
smtp_server 127.0.0.1
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id LVS_BACKUP
}
vrrp_script chk_http_port {
script "/usr/local/src/check_nginx_pid.sh"
interval 2 #(检测脚本执行的间隔)
weight 2
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state BACKUP
interface bond0
virtual_router_id 51
priority 66 #优先级别
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
track_script {
chk_http_port #(调用检测脚本)
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.1.135
}
}
以下是针对nginx状态进行检测的脚本check_nginx_pid,
vim /usr/local/src/check_nginx_pid.sh
#!/bin/bash
A=`ps -C nginx --no-header |wc -l`
if [ $A -eq 0 ];then
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
if [ `ps -C nginx --no-header |wc -l` -eq 0 ];then
killall keepalived
fi
ps -C nginx --no-header | wc -l 大家可能疑惑
--no-header就是去掉表头的
ps --help|grep C 可以使用帮助命令,看看 -C是什么意思-A all processes -C by command name-V,V show version L list format codes f ASCII art forest-w,w wide output n numeric WCHAN,UID -H process hierarchy#-C 跟命令的名子(nginx)
wc -l 是统计行数,其他的自行补脑吧
这个脚本的作用是检测Nginx服务状态的
第一次nginx服务死掉时,会重新启动,如果Nginx服务无法正常启动,则杀掉keepalived进程
最后
依次启动两个tomcat=》启动两个nginx=》启动两个keepalived,查看主机上是否有虚拟ip 192.168.15135
通过虚拟ip访问nignx,看页面是不是轮询两个tomcat
将主机的nginx进程kill -9掉,看看vip是不是切换到备机器上了,kill -9是kill掉所有相关进程
访问虚拟ip是不是还能轮询访问tomcat
好了,到此就是负载均衡的全部内容,有坑自补!
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