LeetCode: Container With Most Water

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PS:金融民工搬砖也辛苦,最近项目缓一点,终于又可以撸一撸题,预防下阿尔茨海默症

Container With Most Water

Given n non-negative integers a1, a2, …, an, where each represents a point at coordinate (i, ai). n vertical lines are drawn such that the two endpoints of line i is at (i, ai) and (i, 0). Find two lines, which together with x-axis forms a container, such that the container contains the most water.

Note: You may not slant the container and n is at least 2.

拿到题,首先想到暴力破解法

先上递归

public int maxArea(int[] height) {    if (height == null || height.length < 2) {        return 0;    }    int len = height.length;    if (len == 2) {        return min(height[0], height[1]);    }    // 计算f(n-1)的结果    int[] height_1 = new int[len - 1];    System.arraycopy(height, 0, height_1, 0, len - 1);    int maxArea = maxArea(height_1);    for (int i = 0; i < len - 1; i++) {        int area = (len - 1 - i) * min(height[i], height[len - 1]);        if (maxArea < area) {            maxArea = area;        }    }    return maxArea;}public int min(int x, int y) {    return x < y ? x : y;}

提交后显示超时,接着不死心又上了个循环

public static int maxArea2(int[] height) {    if (height == null || height.length < 2) {        return 0;    }    int maxArea = 0;    int count = height.length - 1;    for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {        for (int j = i + 1; j < height.length; j++) {            int curArea = (j - i) * min(height[j], height[i]);            maxArea = maxArea > curArea ? maxArea : curArea;        }    }    return maxArea;}public int min(int x, int y) {    return x < y ? x : y;}

纳尼?还是不行。仔细想想,把所有可能性算一遍,时间复杂度都是O(n2),这题的接受条件可能是O(n)的时间复杂度。

惭愧,想了半个小时,虽然想要抛弃一些比较,但是囿于单指针,没有想到该怎么做。so,转到discuss区,大神提供了一种O(n)的解法,双指针从两边同时扫描(初看让人有点眩晕,不过逻辑相当清晰)

public int maxArea(int[] height) {    if (height == null || height.length < 2) {        return 0;    }    int left = 0, right = height.length - 1, maxArea = 0;    while (left < right) {        int area = (right - left) * Math.min(height[left], height[right]);        maxArea = maxArea > area ? maxArea : area;        if (height[left] < height[right]) {            left++;        } else {            right--;        }    }    return maxArea;}

这位的解释非常好,大意是:

  • 现在我们有两个指针,分别位于两头,Xleft=0,Xright=n-1。
  • 现在假设 height[Xleft] < height[Xright],如果画一个平面坐标系,就会发现,当左边线条不变,右边取任何线条,都不会比当前情况下所得到的容器的容量大,即是说:不需要计算 Xleft=0,Xright=1,2,…,n-2 这些情况。这个时候就可以放心地将 Xleft 往右移了。
  • 同理,height[Xleft] > height[Xright],向左移动 Xright
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