Django（完整）

##一. 创建 Django project

C:\Users\Administrator>cd C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\standardwebC:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\standardweb>django-admin startproject firstsite

文件结构为：

##二. 创建 Django App###1.创建Django appDjango project和Django app的区别

C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\standardweb>cd firstsiteC:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\standardweb\firstsite>python manage.py startapp firstapp

文件结构如下：

###2.settings.py中增加app###

##三. 创建数据库###1.合并运行数据库

C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\standardweb\firstsite>python manage.py makemigrationsNo changes detectedC:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\standardweb\firstsite>python manage.py migrateOperations to perform:  Apply all migrations: admin, auth, contenttypes, sessionsRunning migrations:  Applying contenttypes.0001_initial... OK  Applying auth.0001_initial... OK  Applying admin.0001_initial... OK  Applying admin.0002_logentry_remove_auto_add... OK  Applying contenttypes.0002_remove_content_type_name... OK  Applying auth.0002_alter_permission_name_max_length... OK  Applying auth.0003_alter_user_email_max_length... OK  Applying auth.0004_alter_user_username_opts... OK  Applying auth.0005_alter_user_last_login_null... OK  Applying auth.0006_require_contenttypes_0002... OK  Applying auth.0007_alter_validators_add_error_messages... OK  Applying auth.0008_alter_user_username_max_length... OK  Applying sessions.0001_initial... OKC:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\standardweb\firstsite>python manage.py runserverPerforming system checks...System check identified no issues (0 silenced).May 20, 2017 - 10:33:13Django version 1.11.1, using settings 'firstsite.settings'Starting development server at http://127.0.0.1:8000/Quit the server with CTRL-BREAK.

##四. 把 html,CSS,图片放到模板里###1.在firstapp中创建templates和static文件夹###html文件放在templates文件夹下，css、images所有静态文件放在static文件夹下

###2.在settings.py中修改模板路径

TEMPLATES = [    {        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',        'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR), 'templates'.replace('\\','/')],####        'APP_DIRS': True,        'OPTIONS': {            'context_processors': [                'django.template.context_processors.debug',                'django.template.context_processors.request',                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',            ],        },    },]

###3.在html中增加模板标签，修改css、images等静态文件路径

#在html首行增加{% load staticfiles %}#把css路径替换为这个href="{% static 'css/semantic.css' %}"#把所有图片路径替换为类似这个格式{% static 'images/star_banner.jpg' %}

##五. 创建后台和超级管理员#####1.cd 到 firstsite目录下，创建超级管理员

python manage.py createsuperuser

执行runserver，进入管理员页面http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin/，登录密码

###2.在admin管理后台增加管理后台的数据在firstapp/models.py中创建数据库模型

from django.db import models# Create your models here.class People(models.Model):    name = models.CharField(null=True, blank=True,max_length=200)    job = models.CharField(null=True, blank=True, max_length=200)

在firstapp/admin.py中引入注册数据库模型

from django.contrib import adminfrom firstapp.models import People# Register your models here.admin.site.register(People)

###3.迁移数据库，合并数据库，运行服务器，刷新管理员页面

C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\website\firstsite>python manage.py makemigrationsC:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\website\firstsite>python manage.py migrateC:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\website\firstsite>python manage.py runserver

###4.管理后台新增内容###

5.在models里面设置列表直接显示内容的标题

为了让内容列表里能直接显示标题，需要到models.py里面增加一个直接显示名字的函数

from django.db import models# Create your models here.class People(models.Model):    name = models.CharField(null=True, blank=True,max_length=200)    job = models.CharField(null=True, blank=True, max_length=200)    def __str__(self):#新增        return self.name#新增

刷新页面可以直接看到内容标题。

6.在admin中继续增加文章管理

（1）在firstapp/models.py中创建文章的数据库模型

from django.db import models# Create your models here.class People(models.Model):    name = models.CharField(null=True, blank=True,max_length=200)    job = models.CharField(null=True, blank=True, max_length=200)    def __str__(self):        return self.nameclass Aritcle(models.Model):#新增    headline = models.CharField(null=True, blank=True,max_length=500)#新增    content = models.TextField(null=True, blank=True)#新增    def __str__(self):#新增        return self.headline#新增

（2）在firstapp/admin.py中注册文章的数据库模型

from django.contrib import adminfrom firstapp.models import People，Aritcle#新增# Register your models here.admin.site.register(People)admin.site.register(Aritcle)#新增

（3）在models.py下的cmd中迁移数据库和合并数据库

C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\standardweb\firstsite>python manage.py makemigrationsMigrations for 'firstapp':  firstapp\migrations\0002_aritcle.py    - Create model AritcleC:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\standardweb\firstsite>python manage.py migrateOperations to perform:  Apply all migrations: admin, auth, contenttypes, firstapp, sessionsRunning migrations:  Applying firstapp.0002_aritcle... OK

（4）在后台管理员页面添加文章标题和内容

填写完文章，刷新页面

（5）在view层(fristapp/views.py)引入models中的文章数据

from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponsefrom firstapp.models import People, Aritclefrom django.template import Context, Template# Create your views here.def index(request):    context = {}#新建字典    article_list = Aritcle.objects.all()#变量article_list储存Article所有的文章    context['article_list'] = article_list #字典context中的article_list键（html中通过检索键提取文章内容）对应article_list变量的值    index_page = render(request, 'first_web_2.html', context)    return index_page

（6）在template层中替换文章变量，遍历文章

{% load staticfiles %}<!DOCTYPE html><html>    <head>        <meta charset="utf-8">        <title>first web</title>        <link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static 'css/semantic.css' %}"  media="screen" title="no title" charset="utf-8">        <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Oswald|Raleway" rel="stylesheet">        <style type="text/css">            h1 {                font-family:'Oswald', sans-serif!important;                font-size:40px;            }            body {                font-family: 'Raleway', sans-serif;            }            p {                font-family: 'Raleway', sans-serif;                font-size:18px;            }            .ui.vertical.segment.masthead {                height: 300px;                background-image: url({% static 'images/star_banner.jpg' %});                background-size: cover;                background-position: 100% 80%;            }            .ui.container.segment {                width: 800px;            }            .ui.center.aligned.header.blogslogon {                margin-top: 40px;            }            .ui.center.aligned.header.blogslogon p {                margin-top: 10px;                color: white;                font-size: 10px;            }            .ui.container.nav {                width: 500px;            }        </style>    </head>    <body>        <div class="ui inverted vertical  segment masthead">            <h1 class="ui center aligned header blogslogon" style="font-size:50px;font-family: 'Raleway', sans-serif!important;">                Bloger                <p class="ui sub header">                    everyone has a story to tell                </p>            </h1>        </div>        <div class="ui container nav">            <div class="ui borderless text three item menu ">                <div class="ui simple dropdown  item">                    Categories                    <i class="dropdown icon"></i>                    <div class="menu">                        <a class="item" href="">life</a>                        <a class="item" href="">tech</a>                    </div>                </div>                <a class="item">                    Popular                </a>                <a class="item">                    About                </a>            </div>        </div>        <div class="ui divider"></div>        <div class="ui  vertical segment">            {% for article in article_list %}                <div class="ui container vertical segment">                    <a href="#">                        <h1 class="ui header">                            {{ article.headline }}                        </h1>                    </a>                    <i class="icon grey small unhide">10,000</i>                    <p>                        {{ article.content|truncatewords:100 }}                        <a href="#">                            <i class="angle tiny double grey right icon">READMORE</i>                        </a>                    </p>                    <div class="ui mini  tag label">                        life                    </div>                </div>            {% endfor %}        </div>        <div class="ui inverted  vertical very padded  segment">            Mugglecoding®        </div>    </body></html>

（7）在firstsite/urls.py中给函数分配url地址

"""firstsite URL ConfigurationThe `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:    https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/topics/http/urls/Examples:Function views    1. Add an import:  from my_app import views    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^$', views.home, name='home')Class-based views    1. Add an import:  from other_app.views import Home    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^$', Home.as_view(), name='home')Including another URLconf    1. Import the include() function: from django.conf.urls import url, include    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls'))"""from django.conf.urls import urlfrom django.contrib import adminfrom firstapp.views import index#从view层引入函数indexurlpatterns = [    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),    url(r'^index', index, name='index'),#url(‘url地址’，函数名，查找方便名)]