MathJax 语法
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MathJax basic tutorial and quick reference
To see how any formula was written in any question or answer, including this one, right-click on the expression it and choose "Show Math As > TeX Commands". (When you do this, the '$' will not display. Make sure you add these. See the next point.)
For inline formulas, enclose the formula in
$...$
. For displayed formulas, use$$...$$
.
These render differently. For example, type$\sum_{i=0}^n i^2 = \frac{(n^2+n)(2n+1)}{6}$
to show∑ni=0i2=(n2+n)(2n+1)6 (which is inline mode) or type$$\sum_{i=0}^n i^2 = \frac{(n^2+n)(2n+1)}{6}$$
to show(which is display mode).∑i=0ni2=(n2+n)(2n+1)6 For Greek letters, use
\alpha
,\beta
, …,\omega
:α,β,…ω . For uppercase, use\Gamma
,\Delta
, …,\Omega
:Γ,Δ,…,Ω .For superscripts and subscripts, use
^
and_
. For example,x_i^2
:x2i ,\log_2 x
:log2x .Groups. Superscripts, subscripts, and other operations apply only to the next “group”. A “group” is either a single symbol, or any formula surrounded by curly braces
{
…}
. If you do10^10
, you will get a surprise:1010 . But10^{10}
gives what you probably wanted:1010 . Use curly braces to delimit a formula to which a superscript or subscript applies:x^5^6
is an error;{x^y}^z
isxyz , andx^{y^z}
isxyz . Observe the difference betweenx_i^2
x2i andx_{i^2}
xi2 .Parentheses Ordinary symbols
()[]
make parentheses and brackets(2+3)[4+4] . Use\{
and\}
for curly braces{} .These do not scale with the formula in between, so if you write
(\frac{\sqrt x}{y^3})
the parentheses will be too small:(x√y3) . Using\left(
…\right)
will make the sizes adjust automatically to the formula they enclose:\left(\frac{\sqrt x}{y^3}\right)
is(x√y3) .\left
and\right
apply to all the following sorts of parentheses:(
and)
(x) ,[
and]
[x] ,\{
and\}
{x} ,|
|x| ,\vert
|x| ,\Vert
∥x∥ ,\langle
and\rangle
⟨x⟩ ,\lceil
and\rceil
⌈x⌉ , and\lfloor
and\rfloor
⌊x⌋ . There are also invisible parentheses, denoted by.
:\left.\frac12\right\rbrace
is12} .Sums and integrals
\sum
and\int
; the subscript is the lower limit and the superscript is the upper limit, so for example\sum_1^n
∑n1 . Don't forget{
…}
if the limits are more than a single symbol. For example,\sum_{i=0}^\infty i^2
is∑∞i=0i2 . Similarly,\prod
∏ ,\int
∫ ,\bigcup
⋃ ,\bigcap
⋂ ,\iint
∬ .Fractions There are two ways to make these.
\frac ab
applies to the next two groups, and producesab ; for more complicated numerators and denominators use{
…}
:\frac{a+1}{b+1}
isa+1b+1 . If the numerator and denominator are complicated, you may prefer\over
, which splits up the group that it is in:{a+1\over b+1}
isa+1b+1 .Fonts
- Use
\mathbb
or\Bbb
for "blackboard bold":CHNQRZ . - Use
\mathbf
for boldface:ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz . - Use
\mathtt
for "typewriter" font:ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz . - Use
\mathrm
for roman font:ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz . - Use
\mathsf
for sans-serif font:ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz . - Use
\mathcal
for "calligraphic" letters:ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ - Use
\mathscr
for script letters:ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ - Use
\mathfrak
for "Fraktur" (old German style) letters:ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz .
- Use
Radical signs Use
sqrt
, which adjusts to the size of its argument:\sqrt{x^3}
x3−−√ ;\sqrt[3]{\frac xy}
xy−−√3 . For complicated expressions, consider using{...}^{1/2}
instead.Some special functions such as "lim", "sin", "max", "ln", and so on are normally set in roman font instead of italic font. Use
\lim
,\sin
, etc. to make these:\sin x
sinx , notsin x
sinx . Use subscripts to attach a notation to\lim
:\lim_{x\to 0}
limx→0 There are a very large number of special symbols and notations, too many to list here; see this shorter listing, or this exhaustive listing. Some of the most common include:
\lt \gt \le \ge \neq
<>≤≥≠ . You can use\not
to put a slash through almost anything:\not\lt
≮ but it often looks bad.\times \div \pm \mp
×÷±∓ .\cdot
is a centered dot:x⋅y \cup \cap \setminus \subset \subseteq \subsetneq \supset \in \notin \emptyset \varnothing
∪∩∖⊂⊆⊊⊃∈∉∅∅ {n+1 \choose 2k}
or\binom{n+1}{2k}
(n+12k) \to \rightarrow \leftarrow \Rightarrow \Leftarrow \mapsto
→→←⇒⇐↦ \land \lor \lnot \forall \exists \top \bot \vdash \vDash
∧∨¬∀∃⊤⊥⊢⊨ \star \ast \oplus \circ \bullet
⋆∗⊕∘∙ \approx \sim \simeq \cong \equiv \prec \lhd
≈∼≃≅≡≺,⊲ .\infty \aleph_0
∞ℵ0 \nabla \partial
∇∂ \Im \Re
IR - For modular equivalence, use
\pmod
like this:a\equiv b\pmod n
a≡b(modn) . \ldots
is the dots ina1,a2,…,an \cdots
is the dots ina1+a2+⋯+an - Some Greek letters have variant forms:
\epsilon \varepsilon
ϵε ,\phi \varphi
ϕφ , and others. Script lowercase l is\ell
ℓ .
Detexify lets you draw a symbol on a web page and then lists the
TEX symbols that seem to resemble it. These are not guaranteed to work in MathJax but are a good place to start. To check that a command is supported, note that MathJax.org maintains a list of currently supportedLATEX commands, and one can also check Dr. Carol JVF Burns's page ofTEX Commands Available in MathJax.Spaces MathJax usually decides for itself how to space formulas, using a complex set of rules. Putting extra literal spaces into formulas will not change the amount of space MathJax puts in:
a␣b
anda␣␣␣␣b
are bothab . To add more space, use\,
for a thin spaceab ;\;
for a wider spaceab .\quad
and\qquad
are large spaces:ab ,ab .To set plain text, use
\text{…}
:{x∈s∣x is extra large} . You can nest$…$
inside of\text{…}
.Accents and diacritical marks Use
\hat
for a single symbolx^ ,\widehat
for a larger formulaxyˆ . If you make it too wide, it will look silly. Similarly, there are\bar
x¯ and\overline
xyz¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ , and\vec
x⃗ and\overrightarrow
xy−→ and\overleftrightarrow
xy←→ . For dots, as inddxxx˙=x˙2+xx¨ , use\dot
and\ddot
.Special characters used for MathJax interpreting can be escaped using the
\
character:\$
$ ,\{
{ ,\_
_ , etc. If you want\
itself, you should use\backslash
∖ , because\\
is for a new line.
(Tutorial ends here.)
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