[py]tornado诠释cookie

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tornado返回一个index.html

start.py

#!/usr/bin/env python# coding=utf-8import tornado.ioloopimport tornado.webclass MainHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):    def get(self):        # self.write("Hello, world")        # self.render("index.html")settings = {    'template_path': 'templates',    'static_path': 'static',    'static_url_prefix': '/statics/',}application = tornado.web.Application([    (r"/index", MainHandler),],**settings)if __name__ == "__main__":    application.listen(8888)    tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.instance().start()

index.html

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head>    <meta charset="UTF-8">    <title>Title</title></head><body><script>    function setCookie(name, value, expires) {        var temp = [];        var current_date = new Date();        current_date.setSeconds(current_date.getSeconds() + 5);        document.cookie = name + "= " + value + ";expires=" + current_date.toUTCString();    }</script></body></html>

后端设置cookie方法:

tornado对cookie的基本操作

语法格式:

class MainHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):    def get(self):        if not self.get_cookie("mycookie"):            self.set_cookie("mycookie", "myvalue")            self.write("Your cookie was not set yet!")        else:            self.write("Your cookie was set!")

操作:

class MainHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):    def get(self):        print(self.cookies)             # 打印前端发来的所有cookie.        self.set_cookie("k1", "1111")   # 设置一个cookie        print(self.get_cookie("k1"))    # 获取某个cookie        self.render("index.html")

tornado操作cookie的参数

tornado设置cookie格式:

self.set_cookie(self, name, value, domain=None, expires=None, path="/", expires_days=None, **kwargs)

tornado设置cookie栗子:设置cookie超时时间为900s

self.set_cookie('key', 'value', expires=time.time()+900)

参数有这些:

通过浏览器js设置cookie:

直接通过console用命令的方式设置cookie

设置cookie常用操作

document.cookie = "test1=Hello";document.cookie = "test2=World";document.cookie="age=12; expires=Thu, 26 Feb 2116 11:50:25 GMT; domain=sankuai.com; path=/";

查询时属性不会显示

获取cookie test2的值

var myCookie = document.cookie.replace(/(?:(?:^|.*;\s*)test2\s*\=\s*([^;]*).*$)|^.*$/, "$1");alert(myCookie);

同时设置多个cookie

document.cookie = "name=Jonh";document.cookie = "age=12";document.cookie = "class=111";document.cookie = "name=Jonh; age=12; class=111"; 只能添加第一个

增删改查cookie参考:https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/docs/Web/API/Document/cookie

使用函数法设置cookie(s为单位,时间要处理为toUTCString())

index.html里定义cookie,前端浏览器console调用函数

    function setCookie(name, value, expires) {        var temp = [];        var current_date = new Date();        current_date.setSeconds(current_date.getSeconds() + 5);        document.cookie = name + "= " + value + ";expires=" + current_date.toUTCString();    }

设置一个带时间的cookie

小结: 通过jq和操作cookie

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head>    <meta charset="UTF-8">    <title>cookie</title>    <script src="http://apps.bdimg.com/libs/jquery/2.1.4/jquery.min.js"></script>    <script src="http://apps.bdimg.com/libs/jquery.cookie/1.4.1/jquery.cookie.js"></script></head><body><script>    function setCookieBySeconds(name, value, expires) {        var current_date = new Date();        current_date.setDate(current_date.getSeconds()+expires);        document.cookie = name + '= ' + value +';expires=' + current_date.toUTCString();    }     function setCookieByDays(name, value, expires) {        var current_date = new Date();        current_date.setDate(current_date.getDate()+expires);        document.cookie = name + '= ' + value +';expires=' + current_date.toUTCString();    }    //此外还可以导入jquery.cookie.js后通过    // $.cookie('k1','v1',{expires:7});设置过期时间为7天</script></body></html>

jq操作cookie

下载

$.cookie(’the_cookie’, ‘the_value’); //新建cookie$.cookie(’the_cookie’, null); //删除一个cookie

$.cookie('the_cookie'); //读取Cookie值$.cookie(’the_cookie’, ‘the_value’); //设置cookie的值$.cookie(’the_cookie’, ‘the_value’, {expires: 7, path: ‘/’, domain: ‘jquery.com’, secure: true});//新建一个cookie 包括有效期 路径 域名等

使用签名的cookie

tornado签名cookie使用

start.py

#!/usr/bin/env python# coding=utf-8import tornado.ioloopimport tornado.webclass MainHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):    def get(self):        if not self.get_secure_cookie("mycookie"):            self.set_secure_cookie("mycookie", "myvalue")            self.write("Your cookie was not set yet!")        else:            self.write("Your cookie was set!")settings = {    'template_path': 'templates',    'static_path': 'static',    'static_url_prefix': '/statics/',}application = tornado.web.Application([    (r"/index", MainHandler),], **settings,cookie_secret="61oETzKXQAGaYdkL5gEmGeJJFuYh7EQnp2XdTP1o/Vo=")if __name__ == "__main__":    print('http://127.0.0.1:8888/')    application.listen(8888)    tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.instance().start()

使用带签名的cookie做的一个: 用户登陆案例

效果

完整代码:

start.pyimport tornado.webimport tornado.ioloopclass IndexHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):    def get(self):        self.set_secure_cookie('username', 'maotai')        self.set_secure_cookie('password', '123456')        self.render('login.html')    def post(self, *args, **kwargs):        username = self.get_argument('username', None)        password = self.get_argument('password', None)        cooike_user = str(self.get_secure_cookie('username'), encoding='utf-8')        cooike_pass = str(self.get_secure_cookie('password'), encoding='utf-8')        if username == cooike_user and password == cooike_pass:            self.write('Hello ' + cooike_user)        else:            self.write('用户名或密码错误')settings = {    'template_path': 'templates',}application = tornado.web.Application([    (r'/', IndexHandler),], **settings,    cookie_secret="508CE6152CB93994628D3E99934B83CC")if __name__ == '__main__':    print('http://127.0.0.1:8888')    application.listen(8888)    tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.instance().start()

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head>    <meta charset="UTF-8">    <title>login</title></head><body><form action="/" method="post">    <input type="text" name="username">    <input type="text" name="password">    <input type="submit" value="登陆"></form></body></html>

tornado的session与cookie

在Tornado中是不提供像Cookie这种直接设置Session的，需要我们自己写插件来进行对Session的增删改
Session的数据是保存在服务端的，如果要应用Session必须要依赖Cookie，因为Cookie的值就等于Session的Key

Session在内存中的存储方式如下:

key(随机字符串) = {    {'k1','v1'},    {'k2','v2'},    {'k3','v3'},    ....}key(随机字符串) = {    {'k1','v1'},    {'k2','v2'},    {'k3','v3'},    ....}key(随机字符串) = {    {'k1','v1'},    {'k2','v2'},    {'k3','v3'},    ....}.....

cookie和session关系图解

参考:http://www.cnblogs.com/xinsiwei18/p/5836381.html

一个设置与获取Session的小脚本:

代码逻辑:

完整code:

#!/usr/bin/env python# _*_ coding: utf-8 _*_import tornado.webimport tornado.ioloopcontainer = {}class Session:    def __init__(self, Handler):        self.Handler = Handler        self.random_str = None    # 生成随机字符串    def __genarate_random_str(self):        import hashlib        import time        obj = hashlib.md5()        obj.update(bytes(str(time.time()), encoding='utf-8'))        random_str = obj.hexdigest()        return random_str    # 设置cookie    def __setitem__(self, key, value):        if self.random_str == None:            random_str = self.Handler.get_cookie('uc')            if not self.random_str:                random_str = self.__genarate_random_str()                container[random_str] = {}            else:                if self.random_str in container.keys():                    pass                else:                    random_str = self.__genarate_random_str()                    container[random_str] = {}            self.random_str = random_str        container[self.random_str][key] = value        # 浏览器写入Cookie        self.Handler.set_cookie('uc', self.random_str)    # 获取cookie    def __getitem__(self, key):        random_str = self.Handler.get_cookie('uc')        if not random_str:            return None        user_info_dict = container.get(random_str, None)        if not user_info_dict:            return None        value = user_info_dict.get(key, None)        return valueclass BaseHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):    def initialize(self):        self.session = Session(self)class SetHandler(BaseHandler):    def get(self, *args, **kwargs):        self.session['Hello'] = 'World'        self.write('OK')class GetHandler(BaseHandler):    def get(self, *args, **kwargs):        val = self.session['Hello']        self.write(val)application = tornado.web.Application([    (r'/set', SetHandler),    (r'/get', GetHandler),])if __name__ == '__main__':    print('http://127.0.0.1:8000')    application.listen(8000)    tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.instance().start()

2017年8月29日

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