挑战程序竞赛系列(39):4.1模运算的世界(2)

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挑战程序竞赛系列(39):4.1模运算的世界(2)

详细代码可以fork下Github上leetcode项目,不定期更新。

练习题如下:

  • POJ 1284: Primitive Roots

POJ 1284: Primitive Roots

欧拉函数这东西我只知道一个定义:

欧拉函数的值等于不超过m并且和m互素的个数。

表达式如下:

ϕ(m)=m×ipi1pi

其中m=pe11pe22perr,当然我们可以简单证明下,只说一些思路。

首先,如果m是素数,可以直接得到ϕ(m)=m1,进一步得,mk的欧拉值为ϕ(mk)=mkmk1,令p = m,p为素数,于是得:

ϕ(p)=p1ϕ(pk)=pkpk1

有了这两条定理,我们只需要证明欧拉函数满足乘性函数即可,具体可以参考《初等数论及其应用》P175页。

此题,则用到了《初等》P249,定理9.5

定理:如果p有原根,则它恰有φ(φ(p))个不同的原根(无论p是否为素数都适用)
p为素数,当然φ(p)=p-1,因此就有φ(p-1)个原根

欧拉函数的实现参考《挑战》P292,经历了三个版本。

代码如下:

import java.io.BufferedReader;import java.io.File;import java.io.FileInputStream;import java.io.IOException;import java.io.InputStream;import java.io.InputStreamReader;import java.io.PrintWriter;import java.util.StringTokenizer;public class Main{    String INPUT = "./data/judge/201708/P1284.txt";    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {        new Main().run();    }    void solve() {        while (more()){            int P = ni();            out.println(euler_phi1(P - 1));        }    }//  public int euler_phi(int n){  // n * (pi - 1) / pi = n / pi * (pi - 1)//      int res = n;//      while (n > 1){//          for (int i = 2; i <= n; ++i){//              if (n % i == 0){//                  res = res / i * (i - 1);//                  while (n % i == 0){//                      n /= i;//                  }//              }//          }//      }//      return res;//  }    public int euler_phi1(int n){  // n * (pi - 1) / pi = n / pi * (pi - 1)        int res = n;        for (int i = 2; i <= n / i; ++i){            if (n % i == 0){                res = res / i * (i - 1);                while (n % i == 0) n /= i;            }        }        if (n != 1) res = res / n * (n - 1);        return res;    }    int MAX_N = 65536 + 16;    int[] euler;    public void euler_phi2(){  //如果是素数 欧拉函数为 p - 1        euler = new int[MAX_N];        for (int i = 0; i < MAX_N; ++i) euler[i] = i;        for (int i = 2; i < MAX_N; ++i){            if (euler[i] == i){                for (int j = i; j < MAX_N; j += i){                    euler[j] = euler[j] / i * (i - 1);  //                 }            }        }    }    FastScanner in;    PrintWriter out;    void run() throws IOException {        boolean oj;        try {            oj = ! System.getProperty("user.dir").equals("F:\\java_workspace\\leetcode");        } catch (Exception e) {            oj = System.getProperty("ONLINE_JUDGE") != null;        }        InputStream is = oj ? System.in : new FileInputStream(new File(INPUT));        in = new FastScanner(is);        out = new PrintWriter(System.out);        long s = System.currentTimeMillis();        solve();        out.flush();        if (!oj){            System.out.println("[" + (System.currentTimeMillis() - s) + "ms]");        }    }    public boolean more(){        return in.hasNext();    }    public int ni(){        return in.nextInt();    }    public long nl(){        return in.nextLong();    }    public double nd(){        return in.nextDouble();    }    public String ns(){        return in.nextString();    }    public char nc(){        return in.nextChar();    }    class FastScanner {        BufferedReader br;        StringTokenizer st;        boolean hasNext;        public FastScanner(InputStream is) throws IOException {            br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is));            hasNext = true;        }        public String nextToken() {            while (st == null || !st.hasMoreTokens()) {                try {                    st = new StringTokenizer(br.readLine());                } catch (Exception e) {                    hasNext = false;                    return "##";                }            }            return st.nextToken();        }        String next = null;        public boolean hasNext(){            next = nextToken();            return hasNext;        }        public int nextInt() {            if (next == null){                hasNext();            }            String more = next;            next = null;            return Integer.parseInt(more);        }        public long nextLong() {            if (next == null){                hasNext();            }            String more = next;            next = null;            return Long.parseLong(more);        }        public double nextDouble() {            if (next == null){                hasNext();            }            String more = next;            next = null;            return Double.parseDouble(more);        }        public String nextString(){            if (next == null){                hasNext();            }            String more = next;            next = null;            return more;        }        public char nextChar(){            if (next == null){                hasNext();            }            String more = next;            next = null;            return more.charAt(0);        }    }}

打表快点,但对内存要求高。

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