linux上搭建ftp服务器

摘要

vsftpd 是“very secure FTP daemon”的缩写，安全性是它的一个最大的特点。vsftpd 是一个 UNIX 类操作系统上运行的服务器的名字，它可以运行在诸如 Linux、BSD、Solaris、 HP-UNIX等系统上面，是一个完全免费的、开放源代码的ftp服务器软件，支持很多其他的 FTP 服务器所不支持的特征。比如：非常高的安全性需求、带宽限制、良好的可伸缩性、可创建虚拟用户、支持IPv6、速率高等。

vsftpd是一款在Linux发行版中最受推崇的FTP服务器程序。特点是小巧轻快，安全易用。（来自百度百科）

安装vsftpd

检测是否已经安装vsftpd。

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | grep vsftpd[root@localhost ~]# 

什么都不显示就没有安装

安装vsftpd

使用yum安装

[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install vsftpd

使用rpm安装

[root@localhost local]# rpm -ivh vsftpd-3.0.2-21.el7.x86_64.rpm 

启动服务

[root@localhost local]# service vsftpd startRedirecting to /bin/systemctl start  vsftpd.service

查看服务状态

[root@localhost local]# service vsftpd statusRedirecting to /bin/systemctl status  vsftpd.service● vsftpd.service - Vsftpd ftp daemon   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/vsftpd.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)   Active: active (running) since 三 2017-08-30 15:28:18 CST; 15min ago  Process: 4295 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/vsftpd /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Main PID: 4296 (vsftpd)   CGroup: /system.slice/vsftpd.service           └─4296 /usr/sbin/vsftpd /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf8月 30 15:28:18 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting Vsftpd ftp daemon...8月 30 15:28:18 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started Vsftpd ftp daemon.Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.

Active: active (running) 启动状态，可以使用

现在我们就可以匿名访问了

vsftpd添加用户

vsftpd添加用户

FTP用户一般是不能登录系统的,只能进入FTP服务器自己的目录中,这是为了安全.这样的用户就叫做虚拟用户了.实际上并不是真正的虚拟用户,只是不能登录SHELL了而已,没能力登录系统.

添加用户命令

/usr/sbin/adduser -d /opt/test_ftp -g ftp -s /sbin/nologin test2

上面的命令是添加一个 名称为 test2的用户。

命令解析：使用命令(adduser)添加test2用户,不能登录系统(-s /sbin/nologin),自己的文件夹在(-d /opt/test_ftp)),属于组ftp(-g ftp).

为该用户设置密码

[root@localhost local]# passwd test2

现在重启服务我们就可以使用test2直接访问我们的 /opttest_ftp目录了

给用户权限上传下载，修改

虽然用户能够进行查看，但是还没有权限上传、下载和修改

授权

[root@localhost local]# chmod 755 /opt/test_ftp

编辑配置文件

一般创建一个ftp 用户，作为管理员只希望它只能访问其自己的所属目录的，是不会让他选择其他目录的。

设置ftp用户的权限

在安装好ftp时，在 /etc/vsftpd目录下可以看到vsftpd的配置文件vsftpd.conf

[root@localhost vsftpd]# vim vsftpd.conf       # Example config file /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf## The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.# Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.## READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.# Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's# capabilities.## Allow anonymous FTP? (Beware - allowed by default if you comment this out).anonymous_enable=YES## Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.# When SELinux is enforcing check for SE bool ftp_home_dirlocal_enable=YES## Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.write_enable=YES## Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)local_umask=022## Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.# When SELinux is enforcing check for SE bool allow_ftpd_anon_write, allow_ftpd_full_accessanon_upload_enable=YES## Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create# new directories.anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES## Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they# go into a certain directory.dirmessage_enable=YES## Activate logging of uploads/downloads.xferlog_enable=YES## Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).connect_from_port_20=YES## If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by# a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not# recommended!#chown_uploads=YES#chown_username=whoever## You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown# below.#xferlog_file=/var/log/xferlog## If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format.# Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case.xferlog_std_format=YES## You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.idle_session_timeout=600## You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.data_connection_timeout=120## It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.#nopriv_user=ftpsecure## Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,# however, may confuse older FTP clients.#async_abor_enable=YES## By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII# mangling on files when in ASCII mode.# Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service# attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd# predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the# raw file.# ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.ascii_upload_enable=YESascii_download_enable=YES## You may fully customise the login banner string:ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.## You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.#deny_email_enable=YES# (default follows)#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd/banned_emails## You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of# users to NOT chroot().# (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that# the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the# chroot)chroot_local_user=YESchroot_list_enable=YES# (default follows)chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list# vsftpd：500 OOPS: vsftpd: refusing to run with writable root inside chroot ()错误的解决方法allow_writeable_chroot=YES ## You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume# the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.#ls_recurse_enable=YES#  When "listen" directive is enabled, vsftpd runs in standalone mode and▽ listens on IPv4 sockets. This directive cannot be used in conjunction# with the listen_ipv6 directive.listen=YES## This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. By default, listening# on the IPv6 "any" address (::) will accept connections from both IPv6# and IPv4 clients. It is not necessary to listen on *both* IPv4 and IPv6# sockets. If you want that (perhaps because you want to listen on specific# addresses) then you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration# files.# Make sure, that one of the listen options is commented !!# listen_ipv6=YESpam_service_name=vsftpduserlist_enable=YEStcp_wrappers=YESanon_other_write_enable=YES#anon_root=/opt/test_ftp#guest_enable=YES#guest_username=test2virtual_use_local_privs=YES

用户访问权限及路径限制：

如果 userlist_deny=NO：只允许userlist_file文件中的用户可访问ftp；如果 userlist_deny=YES：userlist_file文件中列举的用户不能通过ftp访问系统。userlist_enable是该功能的开关。我们的系统配置如下：

userlist_enable=YESuserlist_deny=NOuserlist_file=/etc/vsftpd/user_list

把需要登录的用户加入到/etc/vsftpd/user_list文件中，一个用户一行。
如果我们不需要把登陆的用户限制在主目录下需要一下配置：
进入主配置文件中chroot_list_enable=YES
创建用户文件/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list

vim /etc/vsftpd/chroot_list

将不需要限制的用户添加进去，我们只有一个test2，一行一个用户名
ps: 这些用户将能访问全部有权限的文件。

设置权限

[root@localhost vsftpd]# getsebool -a|grep ftpftpd_anon_write --> offftpd_connect_all_unreserved --> off  pd_connect_db --> off▽tpd_full_access --> offftpd_use_cifs --> offftpd_use_fusefs --> offftpd_use_nfs --> offftpd_use_passive_mode --> offhttpd_can_connect_ftp --> offhttpd_enable_ftp_server --> offtftp_anon_write --> offtftp_home_dir --> off

开启 anon_write 和full_access

[root@localhost vsftpd]# setsebool allow_ftpd_anon_write  1[root@localhost vsftpd]# setsebool allow_ftpd_full_access 1

重启ftp服务

[root@localhost vsftpd]# service vsftpd restart 

测试

注：测试连接软件是FileZilla，windows访问 ftp://[ip]

update 20170901 使用FileZilla创建中文文件夹Linux乱码

首先出现这个问题的原因是WINDOWS采用的是GBK编码方式，而Linux采用的是UTF-8
首先设置好FileZilla的编码方式为zh_CN
在将 /etc/locale.conf 中的LANG修改为"zh_CN.UTF-8"

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/locale.conf LANG="zh_CN.UTF-8"

这个修改可以有效解决windows客户端使用ftp协议上传中文文件到Linux乱码的问题。
其实最根本的解决方法是客户端上传的文件经过ftp软件能与服务器统一编码方式，具体百度吧c#、java的都有。
博客地址