SpringBoot+Dubbo分布式SOA项目骨架搭建
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SpringBoot+Dubbo分布式SOA项目骨架搭建
项目介绍
本项目是来自于上一篇文章http://blog.csdn.net/songxinjianqwe/article/details/77478385
中的服务化拆分
这个部分。经过一段时间的学习后,将原有项目在功能不变的基础上,基于Dubbo实现了服务化拆分。
涉及技术
- SpringBoot+多环境配置(dev,proc,test)
- Dubbo
- SpringMVC
- Spring
- MyBaits
- MyBatis Generator
- MyBatis PageHelper
- Druid
- Lombok
- JWT
- Spring Security
- JavaMail
- Thymeleaf
- HttpClient
- FileUpload
- Spring Scheduler
- Hibernate Validator
- Redis Cluster
- MySQL主从复制,读写分离
- Spring Async
- Spring Cache
- Swagger
- Spring Test
- Spring Actuator
- Logback+Slf4j多环境日志
- i18n
- Maven Multi-Module
功能点
用户模块
- 获取图片验证码- 登录:解决重复登录问题- 注册- 分页查询用户信息- 修改用户信息
站内信模块
- 一对一发送站内信- 管理员广播- 读取站内信(未读和已读)- 一对多发送站内信
文件模块
- 文件上传- 文件下载
邮件模块
- 单独发送邮件- 群发邮件- Thymeleaf邮件模板
安全模块
- 注解形式的权限校验- 拦截器
实现细节
参考资料
讲解Dubbo相关知识最全面的是阿里巴巴的用户指南。
Dubbo用户指南
另外Dubbo管控平台的搭建参考下面这个链接。
Dubbo管控平台
基础架构
分为Registry(比如Zookeeper注册中心),Monitor(部署在Tomcat中,实时获取Provider和Consumer等的状态),Provider(比如WebProject),Consumer(Services)。
安装Dubbo管控台
主机一台,前提是安装了JDK和Tomcat。
1. 将war(从网络上下载即可)包放到tomcat的webapps下面2
2. . 运行tomcat
/usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.5.20/bin/startup.sh
3. 修改/usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.5.20/webapps/dubbo-admin-2.8.4/WEB-INF/dubbo.properties
dubbo.registry.address=zookeeper://192.168.1.118:2181dubbo.admin.root.password=rootdubbo.admin.guest.password=guest
192.168.1.118是zookeeper主机的IP地址。
4. 启动zookeeper
5. 重启tomcat
一定要先启动zookeeper启动后再去启动tomcat!
6. 访问
http://192.168.1.121:8080/dubbo-admin-2.8.4
前提是主机的防火墙关闭。
服务拆分
- 表:避免出现A服务关联B服务的表的数据操作;服务一旦划分了,那么数据库即便没分开,也要当成db表分开了来进行编码;否则AB服务难以进行垂直拆库
- 避免服务耦合度高,依赖调用;如果出现,考虑服务调优。
- 避免分布式事务,不要拆分过细。
- 接口尽可能大粒度,接口中的方法不要以业务流程来,这个流程尽量在方法逻辑中调用,接口应代表一个完整的功能对外提供;
- 接口应以业务为单位,业务相近的进行抽象,避免接口数量爆炸
- 参数先做校验,在传入接口。
- 要做到在设计接口时,已经确定这个接口职责、预测调用频率。
- 个人经验总结:
比如模块有user、mail等,原本每个模块下有dao、service、web等包,现在是将每个模块作为一个子项目,统一命名为biz(bussiness的简写)。- biz-service(接口实现类)
- biz-api(domain实体类、枚举类、异常类、接口)
- biz-web(RESTful Controller,消费Service)
- web依赖于api
- service依赖于api
- service和web没有依赖
项目结构
这里有三个子项目(email邮件服务、mail站内信、user用户),每个项目都有api和service。每个service都是Dubbo的Provider,同时也有可能是Dubbo的Consumer。web子项目一定是Dubbo的Consumer。
代码示例
以user模块为例:
user-api
UserService
/** * Created by SinjinSong on 2017/4/27. */public interface UserService { UserDO findByUsername(String username); UserDO findByPhone(String phone); UserDO findById(Long id); void save(UserDO userDO); void update(UserDO userDO); PageInfo<UserDO> findAll(int pageNum, int pageSize); String findAvatarById(Long id); UserDO findByEmail(String email); void resetPassword(Long id, String newPassword); List<Long> findAllUserIds();}
user-service
UserServiceImpl
/** * Created by SinjinSong on 2017/4/27. */@Service@Slf4jpublic class UserServiceImpl implements UserService { @Autowired private UserDOMapper userDOMapper; @Autowired private RoleDOMapper roleDOMapper; @Override @Cacheable("UserDO") @Transactional(readOnly = true) public UserDO findByUsername(String username) { return userDOMapper.findByUsername(username); } @Override @Cacheable("UserDO") @Transactional(readOnly = true) public UserDO findByPhone(String phone) { return userDOMapper.findByPhone(phone); } @Override @Cacheable("UserDO") @Transactional(readOnly = true) public UserDO findById(Long id) { return userDOMapper.selectByPrimaryKey(id); } @Override @Transactional @CacheEvict(value = "UserDO",allEntries = true) public void save(UserDO userDO) { BCryptPasswordEncoder passwordEncoder = new BCryptPasswordEncoder(); //对密码进行加密 userDO.setPassword(passwordEncoder.encode(userDO.getPassword())); userDO.setRegTime(LocalDateTime.now()); //设置用户状态为未激活 userDO.setUserStatus(UserStatus.UNACTIVATED); userDOMapper.insert(userDO); //添加用户的角色,每个用户至少有一个user角色 long roleId = roleDOMapper.findRoleIdByRoleName("ROLE_USER"); roleDOMapper.insertUserRole(userDO.getId(),roleId); } @Override @Transactional @CacheEvict(value = "UserDO",allEntries = true) public void update(UserDO userDO) { userDOMapper.updateByPrimaryKeySelective(userDO); } @Override @Transactional @CacheEvict(value = "UserDO",allEntries = true) public void resetPassword(Long id,String newPassword) { BCryptPasswordEncoder passwordEncoder = new BCryptPasswordEncoder(); UserDO userDO = new UserDO(); userDO.setId(id); userDO.setPassword(passwordEncoder.encode(newPassword)); userDOMapper.updateByPrimaryKeySelective(userDO); } @Override public List<Long> findAllUserIds() { return userDOMapper.findAllUserIds(); } @Override public PageInfo<UserDO> findAll(int pageNum, int pageSize) { return userDOMapper.findAll(pageNum,pageSize).toPageInfo(); } @Override public String findAvatarById(Long id) { return userDOMapper.findAvatarById(id); } @Override public UserDO findByEmail(String email) { return userDOMapper.findByEmail(email); }}
UserApplication
/** * Created by SinjinSong on 2017/9/21. */@SpringBootApplication@EnableConfigurationProperties@ComponentScan({"cn.sinjinsong"})@ImportResource("classpath:dubbo.xml")@Slf4jpublic class UserApplication implements CommandLineRunner { public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { SpringApplication app = new SpringApplication(UserApplication.class); app.setWebEnvironment(false); app.run(args); synchronized (UserApplication.class) { while (true) { try { UserApplication.class.wait(); } catch (Throwable e) { } } } } @Override public void run(String... args) throws Exception { }}
dubbo.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dubbo="http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd "> <bean id="userService" class="cn.sinjinsong.skeleton.service.impl.UserServiceImpl"/> <!-- 提供方应用信息,用于计算依赖关系 --> <dubbo:application name="user_provider"/> <!-- 使用zookeeper注册中心暴露服务地址 --> <dubbo:registry protocol="zookeeper" address="192.168.1.118:2181,192.168.1.119:2181,192.168.1.120:2181"/> <!-- 用dubbo协议在20880端口暴露服务 --> <dubbo:protocol name="dubbo" port="20880" serialization="java"/> <!-- 声明需要暴露的服务接口 --> <dubbo:service interface="cn.sinjinsong.skeleton.service.UserService" version="1.0.0" ref="userService"/></beans>
web
UserController
/** * Created by SinjinSong on 2017/4/27. */@RestController@RequestMapping("/users")@Api(value = "users", description = "用户API")@Slf4jpublic class UserController { @Autowired private UserService service; @Autowired private VerificationManager verificationManager; @Autowired private EmailService emailService; @Autowired private AuthenticationProperties authenticationProperties; /** * mode 支持id、username、email、手机号 * 只有管理员或自己才可以查询某用户的完整信息 * * @param key * @param mode id、username、email、手机号 * @return */ @RequestMapping(value = "/query/{key}", method = RequestMethod.GET) @PostAuthorize("hasRole('ADMIN') or (returnObject.username == principal.username)") @ApiOperation(value = "按某属性查询用户", notes = "属性可以是id或username或email或手机号", response = UserDO.class, authorizations = {@Authorization("登录权限")}) @ApiResponses(value = { @ApiResponse(code = 401, message = "未登录"), @ApiResponse(code = 404, message = "查询模式未找到"), @ApiResponse(code = 403, message = "只有管理员或用户自己能查询自己的用户信息"), }) public UserDO findByKey(@PathVariable("key") @ApiParam(value = "查询关键字", required = true) String key, @RequestParam("mode") @ApiParam(value = "查询模式,可以是id或username或phone或email", required = true) String mode) { QueryUserHandler handler = SpringContextUtil.getBean("QueryUserHandler", StringUtils.lowerCase(mode)); if (handler == null) { throw new QueryUserModeNotFoundException(mode); } UserDO userDO = handler.handle(key); if (userDO == null) { throw new UserNotFoundException(key); } return userDO; } @ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.CREATED) @RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.POST) @ApiOperation(value = "创建用户,为用户发送验证邮件,等待用户激活,若24小时内未激活需要重新注册", response = Void.class) @ApiResponses(value = { @ApiResponse(code = 409, message = "用户名已存在"), @ApiResponse(code = 400, message = "用户属性校验失败") }) public void createUser(@RequestBody @Valid @ApiParam(value = "用户信息,用户的用户名、密码、昵称、邮箱不可为空", required = true) UserDO user, BindingResult result) { log.info("{}", user); if (isUsernameDuplicated(user.getUsername())) { throw new UsernameExistedException(user.getUsername()); } else if (result.hasErrors()) { throw new ValidationException(result.getFieldErrors()); } //生成邮箱的激活码 String activationCode = UUIDUtil.uuid(); //保存用户 service.save(user); verificationManager.createVerificationCode(activationCode, String.valueOf(user.getId()), authenticationProperties.getActivationCodeExpireTime()); log.info("{} {}", user.getEmail(), user.getId()); //发送邮件 Map<String, Object> params = new HashMap<>(); params.put("id", user.getId()); params.put("activationCode", activationCode); emailService.sendHTML(user.getEmail(), "activation", params, null); } @RequestMapping(value = "/{id}/avatar", method = RequestMethod.GET) @ApiOperation(value = "获取用户的头像图片", response = Byte.class) @ApiResponses(value = { @ApiResponse(code = 404, message = "文件不存在"), @ApiResponse(code = 400, message = "文件传输失败") }) public void getUserAvatar(@PathVariable("id") Long id, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) { String relativePath = service.findAvatarById(id); FileUtil.download(relativePath, request.getServletContext(), response); } @RequestMapping(value = "/{id}/activation", method = RequestMethod.GET) @ApiOperation(value = "用户激活,前置条件是用户已注册且在24小时内", response = Void.class) @ApiResponses(value = { @ApiResponse(code = 401, message = "未注册或超时或激活码错误") }) public void activate(@PathVariable("id") @ApiParam(value = "用户Id", required = true) Long id, @RequestParam("activationCode") @ApiParam(value = "激活码", required = true) String activationCode) { UserDO user = service.findById(id); //获取Redis中的验证码 if (!verificationManager.checkVerificationCode(activationCode, String.valueOf(id))) { verificationManager.deleteVerificationCode(activationCode); throw new ActivationCodeValidationException(activationCode); } user.setUserStatus(UserStatus.ACTIVATED); verificationManager.deleteVerificationCode(activationCode); service.update(user); } // 更新 @RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.PUT) @PreAuthorize("#user.username == principal.username or hasRole('ADMIN')") @ApiOperation(value = "更新用户信息", response = Void.class, authorizations = {@Authorization("登录权限")}) @ApiResponses(value = { @ApiResponse(code = 401, message = "未登录"), @ApiResponse(code = 404, message = "用户属性校验失败"), @ApiResponse(code = 403, message = "只有管理员或用户自己能更新用户信息"), }) public void updateUser(@RequestBody @Valid @ApiParam(value = "用户信息,用户的用户名、密码、昵称、邮箱不可为空", required = true) UserDO user, BindingResult result) { if (result.hasErrors()) { throw new ValidationException(result.getFieldErrors()); } service.update(user); } @RequestMapping(value = "/{key}/password/reset_validation", method = RequestMethod.GET) @ApiOperation(value = "发送忘记密码的邮箱验证", notes = "属性可以是id,sername或email或手机号", response = UserDO.class) public void forgetPassword(@PathVariable("key") @ApiParam(value = "关键字", required = true) String key, @RequestParam("mode") @ApiParam(value = "验证模式,可以是username或phone或email", required = true) String mode) { UserDO user = findByKey(key, mode); //user 一定不为空 String forgetPasswordCode = UUIDUtil.uuid(); verificationManager.createVerificationCode(forgetPasswordCode, String.valueOf(user.getId()), authenticationProperties.getForgetNameCodeExpireTime()); log.info("{} {}", user.getEmail(), user.getId()); //发送邮件 Map<String, Object> params = new HashMap<>(); params.put("id", user.getId()); params.put("forgetPasswordCode", forgetPasswordCode); emailService.sendHTML(user.getEmail(), "forgetPassword", params, null); } @RequestMapping(value = "/{id}/password", method = RequestMethod.PUT) @ApiOperation(value = "忘记密码后可以修改密码") public void resetPassword(@PathVariable("id") Long id, @RequestParam("forgetPasswordCode") @ApiParam(value = "验证码", required = true) String forgetPasswordCode, @RequestParam("password") @ApiParam(value = "新密码", required = true) String password) { //获取Redis中的验证码 if (!verificationManager.checkVerificationCode(forgetPasswordCode, String.valueOf(id))) { verificationManager.deleteVerificationCode(forgetPasswordCode); throw new ActivationCodeValidationException(forgetPasswordCode); } verificationManager.deleteVerificationCode(forgetPasswordCode); service.resetPassword(id, password); } @RequestMapping(value = "/{username}/duplication", method = RequestMethod.GET) @ApiOperation(value = "查询用户名是否重复", response = Boolean.class) @ApiResponses(value = {@ApiResponse(code = 401, message = "未登录")}) public boolean isUsernameDuplicated(@PathVariable("username") String username) { if (service.findByUsername(username) == null) { return false; } return true; } @RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.GET) @PreAuthorize("hasRole('ADMIN')") @ApiOperation(value = "分页查询用户信息", response = PageInfo.class, authorizations = {@Authorization("登录权限")}) @ApiResponses(value = {@ApiResponse(code = 401, message = "未登录")}) public PageInfo<UserDO> findAllUsers(@RequestParam(value = "pageNum", required = false, defaultValue = PageProperties.DEFAULT_PAGE_NUM) @ApiParam(value = "页码,从1开始", defaultValue = PageProperties.DEFAULT_PAGE_NUM) Integer pageNum, @RequestParam(value = "pageSize", required = false, defaultValue = PageProperties.DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE) @ApiParam(value = "每页记录数", defaultValue = PageProperties.DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE) Integer pageSize) { return service.findAll(pageNum, pageSize); }}
WebApplication
/** * Created by SinjinSong on 2017/9/22. */@SpringBootApplication(exclude = {DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class})@EnableConfigurationProperties@ComponentScan({"cn.sinjinsong"})@ImportResource("classpath:dubbo.xml")@Slf4jpublic class WebApplication extends SpringBootServletInitializer { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(WebApplication.class, args); synchronized (WebApplication.class) { while (true) { try { WebApplication.class.wait(); } catch (Throwable e) { } } } }}
dubbo.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dubbo="http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd "> <!-- 消费者应用信息,用于提供依赖关系 --> <dubbo:application name="web_consumer"/> <!-- 注册地址,用于消费者寻找服务 --> <dubbo:registry protocol="zookeeper" address="192.168.1.118:2181,192.168.1.119:2181,192.168.1.120:2181"/> <dubbo:consumer timeout="5000"/> <!-- 引用的服务 --> <dubbo:reference id="userService" interface="cn.sinjinsong.skeleton.service.UserService" version="1.0.0"/> <dubbo:reference id="mailService" interface="cn.sinjinsong.skeleton.service.MailService" version="1.0.0"/> <dubbo:reference id="emailService" interface="cn.sinjinsong.skeleton.service.EmailService" version="1.0.0"/></beans>
总结
在项目中引入Dubbo有几种方式,最常用的是基于XML和基于注解的。就个人感觉而言基于XML虽然有点low,但是对代码的侵入性很小,可以说完全不需要对代码有任何改变,只需要在dubbo.xml写bean即可,而且官方的用户手册中的示例都是以XML为例的,所以就通用性而言XML更好一些。
坑
spring-boot-starter-dubbo
我尝试了阿里的一位技术员扩展的spring-boot-starter-dubbo,但是不知什么原因Provider不能连接Zookeeper,而Consumer可以,后来换了原生的API就都可以连接了。
序列化
dubbo默认的序列化方式是hession2,但是它不支持Java8的时间日期API(LocalDateTime、LocalDate等)的序列化,在序列化时会抛出StackOverflowError异常。使用Java默认的序列化方式不会出现这种问题。
<dubbo:protocol name="dubbo" port="20880" serialization="java"/>
其他序列化方式
dubbo=com.alibaba.dubbo.common.serialize.support.dubbo.DubboSerializationhessian2=com.alibaba.dubbo.common.serialize.support.hessian.Hessian2Serializationjava=com.alibaba.dubbo.common.serialize.support.java.JavaSerializationcompactedjava=com.alibaba.dubbo.common.serialize.support.java.CompactedJavaSerializationjson=com.alibaba.dubbo.common.serialize.support.json.JsonSerializationfastjson=com.alibaba.dubbo.common.serialize.support.json.FastJsonSerializationnativejava=com.alibaba.dubbo.common.serialize.support.nativejava.NativeJavaSerializationkryo=com.alibaba.dubbo.common.serialize.support.kryo.KryoSerializationfst=com.alibaba.dubbo.common.serialize.support.fst.FstSerializationjackson=com.alibaba.dubbo.common.serialize.support.json.JacksonSerialization
事务
我做的这个项目骨架距离真正的分布式项目尚有一些区别,最主要的是应用拆分与数据库拆分是同时进行的。数据库的水平拆分可以减轻单库的压力,通常情况下单个应用和它所依赖的表是放在同一个机器上的,而我现在是把数据库集中到某几台机器上了。
数据库的拆分一定会产生分布式事务的问题,而如果数据库没有进行水平拆分,都放在同一台机器上,各个应用都连接同一个数据库,是不存在分布式事务的问题的。分布式事务目前Dubbo本身尚不支持,可以通过一些其他的方式比如2PC、TCC、MQ等解决。
另外数据库拆分后的访问本身就比较麻烦,需要依赖于一些数据库的中间件比如MyCat等,目前尚未加入到本项目骨架中。
开源
本项目的Github地址
这里是SpringBoot项目骨架的三部曲,发展历程是:单体式-组件分布式-SOA,供不同阶段的程序员学习。
单体式
组件分布式
SOA
展望
学习一下数据库中间件,将数据库进行水平拆分,考虑使用MQ、TCC等来解决分布式事务问题。
未来几个月可能要把学习的重点放在基础和原理上了,比如Spring的源码、模仿造轮子、刷算法题等。大概以后发的博客更侧重于原理方面而非应用了。
欢迎继续关注本项目系列的发展完善。
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