django一个project中使用多个数据库

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django官方多数据库方法

1.先按照大众方法配置setting:

注意:default键必须要有。

DATABASES = {    'default': {        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',        'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),    },    'auto_sale_db': {        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',        'NAME': 'auto_sale_database',    },}DATABASE_ROUTERS = ['auto_sale_spider.database_router.DatabaseAppsRouter']DATABASE_APPS_MAPPING = {    # example:    # 'app_name':'database_name',    'spider': 'default',    'auto_sale': 'auto_sale_db',}

注意:

(1)如果是Django自带的sqlite3,则必须在name中加入后缀,e.g 'db.sqlite3',否则Django不知道自己在建立数据库文件!

还有一个很诡异的事情是,如果没有加后缀,可以在通过流程的调用,来对数据库进行操作。但是不能通过直接运行python文件来操作数据库。


2.database_router.py

位置:

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-from django.conf import settingsDATABASE_MAPPING = settings.DATABASE_APPS_MAPPINGclass DatabaseAppsRouter(object):    """    A router to control all database operations on models for different    databases.    In case an app is not set in settings.DATABASE_APPS_MAPPING, the router    will fallback to the `default` database.    Settings example:    DATABASE_APPS_MAPPING = {'app1': 'db1', 'app2': 'db2'}    """    def db_for_read(self, model, **hints):        """"Point all read operations to the specific database."""        if model._meta.app_label in DATABASE_MAPPING:            return DATABASE_MAPPING[model._meta.app_label]        return None    def db_for_write(self, model, **hints):        """Point all write operations to the specific database."""        if model._meta.app_label in DATABASE_MAPPING:            return DATABASE_MAPPING[model._meta.app_label]        return None    def allow_relation(self, obj1, obj2, **hints):        """Allow any relation between apps that use the same database."""        db_obj1 = DATABASE_MAPPING.get(obj1._meta.app_label)        db_obj2 = DATABASE_MAPPING.get(obj2._meta.app_label)        if db_obj1 and db_obj2:            if db_obj1 == db_obj2:                return True            else:                return False        return None    # Django 1.7 - Django 1.11    def allow_migrate(self, db, app_label, model_name=None, **hints):        print db, app_label, model_name, hints        if db in DATABASE_MAPPING.values():            return DATABASE_MAPPING.get(app_label) == db        elif app_label in DATABASE_MAPPING:            return False        return None

然后是下面的(最重要):

需要注意的是:
1.给每一个model类写meta类,写app_label属性
2.python manage.py makemigrations是对所有数据库操作,
但是python manage.py migrate只对default数据库操作
需要python manage.py migrate --database=database_name 来单独同步每一个数据库

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