684. Redundant Connection
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- 问题描述
- 题意理解
- 算法分析
- 具体实现
问题描述
In this problem, a tree is an undirected graph that is connected and has no cycles.
The given input is a graph that started as a tree with N nodes (with distinct values 1, 2, …, N), with one additional edge added. The added edge has two different vertices chosen from 1 to N, and was not an edge that already existed.
The resulting graph is given as a 2D-array of edges. Each element of edges is a pair [u, v] with u < v, that represents an undirected edge connecting nodes u and v.
Return an edge that can be removed so that the resulting graph is a tree of N nodes. If there are multiple answers, return the answer that occurs last in the given 2D-array. The answer edge [u, v] should be in the same format, with u < v.
Example 1:
Input: [[1,2], [1,3], [2,3]]
Output: [2,3]
Explanation: The given undirected graph will be like this:
1 / \2 - 3
Example 2:
Input: [[1,2], [2,3], [3,4], [1,4], [1,5]]
Output: [1,4]
Explanation: The given undirected graph will be like this:
5 - 1 - 2 | | 4 - 3
Note:
The size of the input 2D-array will be between 3 and 1000.
Every integer represented in the 2D-array will be between 1 and N, where N is the size of the input array.
Update (2017-09-26):
We have overhauled the problem description + test cases and specified clearly the graph is an undirected graph. For the directed graph follow up please see Redundant Connection II). We apologize for any inconvenience caused.
题意理解
N个结点(记作1~N)的一棵树,加上一条边之后变成一个无向图. 求一条边, 删除后可以使图变成一棵树.(如果有多条符合条件的边, 返回在edges数组中的最后一条)
算法分析
由于这个图原来是一棵树, 也就是没有环存在, 所以再加一条边只会构成一个环.
做union-find, 在union过程中, 找到最后一条满足:边的两个顶点指向同一个祖先的边, 即为解
具体实现
class Solution {public: vector<int> findRedundantConnection(vector<vector<int>>& edges) { vector<int> root(edges.size()+1); vector<int> res; if (edges.empty()) return res; //initialize for (int i = 1; i <= edges.size(); i++) root[i] = i; // add edge for (int i = 0; i < edges.size(); i++) { myUnion(edges[i][0], edges[i][1], root, res); } return res; } void myUnion(int p, int q, vector<int>& root, vector<int>& res) { int proot = find(p, root); int qroot = find(q, root); if (proot != qroot) { root[qroot] = proot; } else { res.clear(); res.push_back(p); res.push_back(q); } } int find(int p, vector<int>& root) { while (p != root[p]) p = find(root[p], root); return p; }};
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