MongoDB 集合字段匹配查询方法

MongoDB是基于分布式文件存储的数据库，本文将介绍如何对MongoDB记录中集合字段进行匹配查询。

1.创建测试数据库

use testdbdb.createUser(      {          "user":"root",          "pwd":"123456",          "roles":[{"role" : "readWrite", "db":"testdb"}]      }  ) db.auth(      {          "user":"root",          "pwd":"123456"      }  )

2.插入测试数据，area_id为集合字段

db.member.insert([    {        "id" : 1,        "name" : "fdipzone",        "area_id" : [1,2,3],    },    {        "id" : 2,        "name" : "tom",        "area_id" : [3,4],    },    {        "id" : 3,        "name" : "polly",        "area_id" : [1,3,7],    },    {        "id" : 4,        "name" : "anslem",        "area_id" : [2,4,6],    },    {        "id" : 5,        "name" : "terry",        "area_id" : [4,5,9],    }])

查询插入的数据

db.member.find();{ "_id" : ObjectId("59f589f5641e44b4c51cb770"), "id" : 1, "name" : "fdipzone", "area_id" : [ 1, 2, 3 ] }{ "_id" : ObjectId("59f589f5641e44b4c51cb771"), "id" : 2, "name" : "tom", "area_id" : [ 3, 4 ] }{ "_id" : ObjectId("59f589f5641e44b4c51cb772"), "id" : 3, "name" : "polly", "area_id" : [ 1, 3, 7 ] }{ "_id" : ObjectId("59f589f5641e44b4c51cb773"), "id" : 4, "name" : "anslem", "area_id" : [ 2, 4, 6 ] }{ "_id" : ObjectId("59f589f5641e44b4c51cb774"), "id" : 5, "name" : "terry", "area_id" : [ 4, 5, 9 ] }

3.使用$in进行查询

查询area_id含有1的记录

db.member.find({"area_id":{$in:[1]}});{ "_id" : ObjectId("59f589f5641e44b4c51cb770"), "id" : 1, "name" : "fdipzone", "area_id" : [ 1, 2, 3 ] }{ "_id" : ObjectId("59f589f5641e44b4c51cb772"), "id" : 3, "name" : "polly", "area_id" : [ 1, 3, 7 ] }

注意，$in只能检查集合内每一个元素是否匹配，只要任意一个匹配就返回记录，并不能检查同时匹配多个元素的情况。

例如要查询area_id同时包含2和4的记录，使用$in只会查询出含有2或4的记录。

db.member.find({"area_id":{$in:[2,4]}});{ "_id" : ObjectId("59f58ddfa874fe2b3da340bf"), "id" : 1, "name" : "fdipzone", "area_id" : [ 1, 2, 3 ] }{ "_id" : ObjectId("59f58ddfa874fe2b3da340c0"), "id" : 2, "name" : "tom", "area_id" : [ 3, 4 ] }{ "_id" : ObjectId("59f58ddfa874fe2b3da340c2"), "id" : 4, "name" : "anslem", "area_id" : [ 2, 4, 6 ] }{ "_id" : ObjectId("59f58ddfa874fe2b3da340c3"), "id" : 5, "name" : "terry", "area_id" : [ 4, 5, 9 ] }

4.使用$all进行查询

$all可以检查同时匹配多个元素的情况

查询area_id同时含有2和4的记录

db.member.find({"area_id":{$all:[2,4]}});{ "_id" : ObjectId("59f58ddfa874fe2b3da340c2"), "id" : 4, "name" : "anslem", "area_id" : [ 2, 4, 6 ] }