[BZOJ4002][JLOI2015]有意义的字符串(结论+矩阵乘法)

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首先得出,b+d2bd2是一元二次方程x2bx+b2d4=0的两根。
x2bx+b2d4=0移项得x2=bx+db24
两边同乘以xn2,可以得出,xn=bxn1+db24xn2
f[i]=(b+d2)i+(bd2)i
此时就容易得出f[i]是个整数,并且递推式为f[i]=bf[i1]+db24f[i2]f[0]=2,f[1]=b。这时候就能通过矩阵乘法求得f[n](注意,相乘会爆long long,因此要用快速乘)。
最后考虑怎样通过f[n]求得结果。由于题目限定b2d<(b+1)2,所以n是奇数时1<(bd2)n0,否则n是偶数时0(bd2)n<1。所以如果满足b2d并且n为偶数,则答案为f[n]1,否则答案为f[n]
注意特判n=0时结果为1
代码:

#include <cmath>#include <cstdio>#include <cstring>#include <iostream>#include <algorithm>using namespace std;typedef long long ll;ll b, d, n, tm; const ll ZZQ = 7528443412579576937ll;ll add(ll a, ll b) {    return (1ull * a + 1ull * b) % ZZQ;}ll prod(ll a, ll b) {    ll res = 0;    while (b) {        if (b & 1) res = add(res, a);        a = add(a, a);        b >>= 1;    }    return res;}struct cyx {    int n, m; ll v[4][4];    cyx() {}    cyx(int _n, int _m) :        n(_n), m(_m) {memset(v, 0, sizeof(v));}    friend inline cyx operator * (cyx a, cyx b) {        int i, j, k; cyx res = cyx(a.n, b.m);        for (i = 1; i <= res.n; i++) for (j = 1; j <= res.m; j++)        for (k = 1; k <= a.m; k++)            res.v[i][j] = add(res.v[i][j], prod(a.v[i][k], b.v[k][j]));        return res;    }    friend inline cyx operator ^ (cyx a, ll b) {        int i; cyx res = cyx(a.n, a.m);        for (i = 1; i <= res.n; i++) res.v[i][i] = 1;        while (b) {            if (b & 1) res = res * a;            a = a * a;            b >>= 1;        }        return res;    }} P, Q;int main() {    cin >> b >> d >> n; P = cyx(2, 2); Q = cyx(2, 1);    if (!n) return printf("1\n"), 0;    tm = (d >> 2) - prod(b + 1 >> 1, b - 1 >> 1);    P.v[1][1] = b; P.v[1][2] = tm; P.v[2][1] = 1;    Q.v[1][1] = b; Q.v[2][1] = 2; P = (P ^ n - 1) * Q;    ll ans = P.v[1][1]; if (d != b * b && !(n & 1)) ans--;    if (ans < 0) ans += ZZQ; cout << ans << endl;    return 0;}
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