离散数学中文—外文名词对照表

离散数学中文—外文名词对照表中文外文Abel  范畴Abel categoryAbel  群(交换群)Abel group (commutative group)Abel  半群Abel semigroupBell  数Bell numberBerry 悖论Berry paradoxBoundy 定理Boundy theoremBoole 代数Boole algebraBoole 函数Boole functionBoole 同态Boole homomorophismBoole 格Boole latticeBruijn 定理Bruijn theoremBurali-Forti 悖论Burali-Forti paradoxBurnside 引理Burnside lemma伴随adjugate布置问题arrangement problem不对称的(非对称的)asymmetric并集公理axiom of union标准满态射canonical epimorphism闭项closed term闭包closure补图(子图的余)complement补元complement element被包含关系定向directed by inclution边色数edge chromatic number边着色edge coloring边连通度edge connectivity边覆盖edge covering边覆盖数edge covering number边割集edge cut边集edge set边独立数edge-independence number不动点fixed point包含与排斥原理inclusion and exclusion principle包含关系inclusion relation不变因子invariant factor不变因子理想invariant factor ideal标准模型normal model本原元primitive element本原多项式primitive polynomial表示representation饱和的saturated半群semigroup标准单项式standard monomil并(并集)union并运算union operation变换群tranformation groupCantor 悖论Cantor paradoxCantor 猜想Cantor conjectureCantor 对角线法Cantor diagonal methodCatalan 数Catalan numberCayley 图Cayley graphCayley 定理Cayley theoremCoxeter 图Coxeter graph次数,次(度)degree次(度)序列degree sequence初等因子理想elementary divisor ideal初等积elementary product初等和elementary sum错误函数error function错误模式error pattern存在量词existential quantifier存在推广规则existential generalization存在特指规则existential specification超八面体图hyperoctahedron长度length乘法原理multiplication principle出弧outarc出次(出度)outdegree出(外)邻集outerneighbour set初始联结词primitive connective差集substraction差运算substraction operation传递的transitive超滤子ultrafilter超幂ultrapower超积ultraproduct超越元素transcendental element常用等值式useful equivalent簇variery除环divison ring存在正则前束范式
(Skolem 正则范式)Bitmap       -prenex normal form
        (Skolem normal form) De Morgan律De Morgan lawDescartes 积Descartes productDirac 条件Driac condition代数闭域algebraic closed field代数元素algebraic element代数扩域（代数扩张）algebraic extension对应的通用映射corresponding universal map定义域domain对偶范畴dual category对偶图dual graph对偶式dual form对偶原理principal of duality对偶原则dual principle对偶命题dual statement端点endpoint等势equipotent等价类equivalent class等价范畴equivalent category等价矩阵equivalent matrix等价对象equivalent object等价关系equivalent relation第一类边色图graph of first class for edge coloring第二类边色图graph of second class for edge coloring单位元identity单射injection单射函子injection functor单射（内射）injective (one to one mapping)独立的independent独立数independent number独立集independent set独立超越元素independent transcendental element单同态monic morphism单态射monomorphism单元半群monoid导出子图induced subgraph多重图multigraph多项式polynomail多项式码polynomial code多项式表示法polynomial representation多项式环polynomial ring多值命题逻辑many valued proposition logic多项式系数multinomial coefficient多项式展开定理multinomial expansion theorem对象object定向orientation单扩域simple extension单代数扩域simple algebraic extension单超越扩域simple transcental extension代入定理substitution theorem对称的symmetric对称差symmetric difference对称图symmetric graph对称群symmetric group对角线函子diagonal functor定理theorem (provable formal)单位理想unit ideal单元unity element点覆盖vertex cover点割集vertex set点传递图vertex transitive graph带权形式的Burnside引理weighted form for Burnside lemma带符号的一阶系统first order theory with equalityEuler 闭迹Euler tourEuler 多面体公式Euler polyhedron formulaEuler 函数Euler functionEuler 迹Euler trailEuler 数Euler numberEuler 图Euler graphEuler 特征Euler characteristic二元关系binary relation二进制对称信道binary symmetric channel二项式系数binomial coefficient二项式定理binomial theorem二项式变换binomial transform二分图bipartite graph二难推理dilemmaFerrers图Ferrers graphFibonacci 数Fibonacci numberF-归纳积F-reduced product反演inversion分离规则modus ponens否定后件式modus tollens非结合代数non-associative algebra分裂域splitting field非特指值undesignated truth value泛圈图pancycle graphPictOld泛代数（   代数）universal algebra泛上界universal upper bound废码字useless code赋值valuation仿射平面affine plane反同构anti-isomorphism反对称性anti symmetry辅助符号auxiliary symbol分组码block code范畴category复合composite复合运算composite operation复合（分子）命题composition (molecular proposition)覆盖covering覆盖数covering number分配格distributive lattice反变函子contravariant functor非标准逻辑non-standard logicGalileo 悖论Galileo paradoxGauss 系数Gauss coefficientGBN系统GBN (Gödel-Bernays-von Neumann system)Gödel 完全性定理Gödel completeness theoremGrelling 悖论Grelling paradoxGrötzsch 图Grötzsch graph广义 petersen 图generalized petersen graph关联incident关联公理incident axiom关联矩阵incident matrix个体变元individual variable格lattice格同态lattice homomorphism规律law轨道orbit鸽子笼原理pigeonhole principle根域root field公理系统 Lsystem L公理系统 L1system L1公理系统 L2system L2公理系统 L3system L3公理系统 L4system L4公理系统 L5system L5公理系统 L6system L6公理系统Łsystem Ł公理系统Łnsystem Łn公理系统 S1system S1公理系统 T(系统M)system T (system M)关于公式Ф的替换公式axiom of replacement for the formula Ф古典完全的classical completeness古典相容的classical consistent公因子common factor割边cut edge割点cut vertex广义 Fibonacci 数extended Fibonacci number广义Lucas 数extended Lucas numberHajós 猜想Hajós conjectureHamilton 圈Hamilton cycleHamilton 图Hamilton graphHamilton 路Hamilton pathHarary 图Harary graphHasse 图Hasse graphHeawood 图Heawood graphHerschel 图Herschel graphhom 函子hom functor(共变)函子covariant functor核kernel环loop后件succedent横截设计tranverse design合式公式(wff)well-formed formula (wff)幻方magic厚度thickess弧集arc set回路circuit黄金分割数（黄金分割率）golden section number恒等自然变换identity natural transformation互素prime to each other环的特征characteristic of ringJordan  代数Jordan algebraJordan 乘积Jordan product (anti-commutator)Jordan 筛法公式Jordan sieve formulaj-斜元j-skew极大元maximal element极大理想maximal ideal极大外平面图maximal outerplanar graph极大平面图maximal planar graph极大项（基本析取式）maxterm极大项范式（合取范式）maxterm normal form (conjunctive normal form)极小项mini term极小多项式minimal polynomialPictOld极小    -连通图PictOldminimal   -connected graph极小项（基本合取式）minterm (fundamental conjunctive form)极小项范式（析取范式）minterm normal form (disjunctive normal form)交meet纠多错码multiple-error-correcting code纠  t -错BCH码t-error-correcing BCH code阶order阶理想order ideal集合的划分数partition number of set积product积范畴product category积和式product-sum form简单图simple graph简单（原子）命题simple proposition (atomic proposition)简化规则simplication截口section竞赛图tournament迹trace (trail)解释真true in an interpretation基础图underlying graph价valence加法原理addition principle接合adjunctionPictOld PictOld几乎相等的Pict PictOldalmost equivalent结合代数associative algebra结合子associator加强的鸽子笼原理augmenting digeon hole principle基base基数cardinal number校验位check digits纠正错误correct error检验错误detect errer计数函数enumeration function假言三段论hypothelical syllogism假设hypothese (premise)交集intersection交运算intersection operation交换图commutative diagram交换环commutative ring交换半群commutative seimgroup校验子syndromeKirkman 女生问题Kirkman schoolgirl problemKuratowski 定理Kuratowski theoremk-色图k-chromatic graphk-连通图k-connected graphk-色临界图k-critical graphk-边色图k-edge chromatic graphk-边连通图k-edge-connected graphk-边临界图k-edge-critical graph可增路augmenting path空集存在公理axiom of the empty set块block块图（区组）block可重组合combination with repetation可列无限集（可列集）countably infinite set空图empty graph空关系empty relation空集empty set扩充（扩张）extension扩图extension graph扩域extension field可因子化的factorable亏格genus可重排列permutation with repetation（可）平面图planar graph可能世界possible world可表示函子representation functor可满足的satisfiable可分元separable element可分扩域separable extension可靠性（有效性）定理soundness (validity) theorem开关网络switching-network可达关系accessibility relationLah 数Lah numberLatin 方Latin squareLatin 矩形Latin rectangleLie 代数Lie algebraLucas 数Lucas number联结词的功能完备（全）集adequate set of connectives邻接矩阵adjacent matrix邻接运算concatenation (juxtaposition)零化子annihilator理发师悖论barber paradox笼cage类class连通图concatenation graph连通度connectivity连接的connective连通分支connected component连续统continuum离散 Fourier 变换discrete Fourier transform离心率eccentricity滤子filter理想ideal邻集neighbour set邻接乘法juxtaposition逻辑等价logically equivanlent逻辑蕴涵logically implies逻辑有效的（普效的）logically valid零对象null object零元运算nullary operation路path拉回pullback量词quantifier量词理论quantification theory旅行商问题traveling saleman problem零因子zero divison零元（泛下界）zero element (universal lower bound)McGee 图McGee graphMenger 定理Menger theoremMeredith 图Meredith graphMinimanoff 悖论Minimanoff paradoxMinkowski 和Minkowski sumMöbius 变换（反演）Möbius transform (inversion)Möbius 函数Möbius functionMöbius 梯Möbius ladder码code码元code element码长code length码率code rate码字code word矛盾式（永假式）contradiction满态射epimorphism面face模型model模同态module homomorphism幂函子power functor幂集power set命题proposition命题常量propositional constant命题变量propositional variable命题形式（合式公式）propositional formula (well-formed formula,wff)命题函数propositional function满射surjection (surjective)模态逻辑modal logic模态命题逻辑系统system of modal prepositional logicNorlund 公式Norlund formula内面inner face内（入）邻集inner neighbour set内直和internal direct sumn-元运算n-ary operationn-元积n-ary productn-元关系n-relation扭元torsion扭模torsion module逆向极限inverse limit逆态射inverse morphism逆自然变换inverse natural transformation逆运算inverse operation逆关系inverse relationOre 条件Ore condition欧几里德算法Euclid algorithm欧氏整环Euclid domainp- 图p-graphPascal 公式Pascal formulaPetersen 图Petersen graphPierce 箭Pierce arrowPólya 定理Pólya theorem配对公式axiom of pairs平衡不完全区组设计balanced imcomplete block design陪集cuset陪集头leader cuset判决过程decision procedure匹配matching平行parallelism平行类parallelism class偏函数partial function偏序关系partial ordering (partial relation)排列（置换）permutation平面图plane graph谱半径spetral radius平凡图trivial graph平凡子群trivial subgroup前件antecedent区组设计block design桥bridge圈cycle圈基cycle basis圈秩cycle rank圈矩阵cycle matrix圈空间cycle space圈向量cycle vector确定的deterministic距离distance距离传递图distance transitive graph群group群码group code嵌入imbedding区间interval矩阵表示matrix representation奇偶校验码parity-check code奇偶校验方程parity-check equation奇偶校验器parity-check machine奇偶校验矩阵parity-check matrix前束范式prenex normal form全色数total chromatic number全色数猜想total chromatic number conjecture全着色total coloring全图total graph全方阵环total matrix ring全序集total order set全排列total permutation全关系total relation全集universal全称闭包universal closure全称量词universal quantifier全称推广规则universal generalization全称特指规则universal specificationRamsey 图Ramsey graphRamsey 数Ramsey numberRamsey 定理Ramsey theoremRichard 悖论Richard paradoxRussell 悖论Russell paradoxR-线性无关R-linear independence弱反对称的weakly antisymmetric入次（入度）indegreeSheffer 竖（谢弗竖）Sheffer strokeSteiner 三元系大集Steiner tripleSocrates 论断（苏格拉底论断）Socrates argumentStirling 变换Stirling transformStirling 数Stirling numberSylvester公式Sylvester formula三次交代群alternating group双射bijective双模bi-mdule色数chromatic number系数coefficient上象coimage上核co-kernal上积coproduct森林forest四色定理（猜想）four-color theorem(conjecture)生成函数generating function生成过程generating procedure生成子（生成元）generator生成矩阵generator matrix上确界（最小上界）least upper bound数学结构mathematical structure素域prime field四元数quaternion商代数quotient algebra商（差）代数quotient (difference) algebra商域（分式域）quotient field (field of fraction)商群quotient group商模quotient module商环（差环，同余类环）quotient ring (difference ring , residue ring)商集quotient set受限命题形式restricted proposition form收缩retraction生成子图spanning subgraph生成树spanning tree时间序列timed sequence树tree三元系triple system三倍重复码triple-repetition code上（下）界upper (lower) bound始端initial endpoint矢列式sequent系统 Ł₃, Ł_n, Ł_א0, Ł_אsystem  Ł₃, Ł_n, Ł_א0, Ł_א系统 P_msystem P_m三值命题逻辑3-value proposition logicTurán 图Turán graphTurán 定理Turán theoremTutte 图Tutte graphTutte 定理Tutte theoremTutte-coxeter 图Tutte-coxeter graph图的自同构群automorphism group of graph图的笛卡儿积Cartesion product of graph图的闭包closure of graph特征函数characteristic function特征多项式characteristic polynomial图的收缩contraction of graph团clique团数clique number图的合成（字典积）composition of graph (lexicographic product)同余关系congruence relation推论（后承）consequence图的叉数crossing number of graph特指真值designated truth value特异元distinguished element图的特征值eigenvalue of graph图的群group of graph图graph图的同胚homemorphism图的同态homomorphism of graph图的同构isomorphism of graph图的交intersection of graph图的联join of graph图的线群line- group同态（同态映射）homomorphism同构范畴isomorphic category同构态射isomorphism态射（箭）morphism (arrow)图的幂power of graph推出pushout替换定理replacement theorem推理规则rule of inference图的谱spectra of graph图的细分subdivison of graph图的并union of graph通用结构universal construction通用包络代数universal enveloping algebra通道walk图秩graph rank图序列graph sequenceUlam 猜想Ulam conjectureVandermonde 公式Vandermonde formulaVenn 图Venn graphVizing 定理Vizing theorem外延公式axiom of extensionality无穷公理axiom of infinity完全二分图complete bipartite graph完全k-分图complete k-partite graph完全图complete graph完全格complete lattice微分代数derivation algebra外代数exterior algebra忘却函子forgetful functor（腰）围长girth无限扩域infinite extension无限群infinite group无限（穷）集infinite set外面outer face外（出）邻集outer neighbour外平面图outerplanar graph完全码perfect code完美图perfect graph谓词predicate无向图undirected graph唯一分解unique factorization唯一分解整域unique factorization domain (Gauss domain)唯一k着色unique k-colorable graph无标号图unlabeled graph无扭模untorsion五色定理five-color theorem五倍重复码five-time-repetition相邻（邻接）adjacent相伴元associate选择公里axiom of choice相等公里axiom of equality循环图circulant graph循环（轮转）指标cyclic index循环群cyclic group循环半群cyclic semigroup循环单元半群cyclic monoid优美图graceful graph优美树猜想graceful tree conjecture有标号图labeled graph拟序集pre-ordered set拟序关系quasi order relation冗余性原则principal of redundancy冗余位redundant digits右伴随函子right adjoint functor右可消的right cancellable右因子right factor右零因子right zero divison有单元的环ring with unity element语义完全的（弱完全的）semantical completeness语义相容semantical consistent语法完全的（强完全的）syntactical completeness语法相容Syntactical consistent一元运算unary operation一元关系unary relation余秩corankZFC系统ZFC (Zermelo-Fraenkel-Cohen) system作用action自同构automorphism正则公理axiom of regularity中心center中国邮递员问题Chinese postman problem周长circumference着色coloring着色问题coloring problem组合数combination number正则合取范式conjunctive normal form直径diameter直接推论（直接后承）direct consequence正向极限direct limit直和direct sum正则析取范式disjunctive normal form整除divisibility子除环division subring忠实（完满）函子faithful (full) functor自由元free element自由单元半群free monoid自由出现free occurrence自由变元free variable自由Ω代数free-Ω-algebra自由R-模free R-module最大公因子greatest common factor最大元（素）greatest element直接先行immediate predcessor直接后继immediate successor指数index初始对象initial object整环integral domain子整环integral subdomain最小元least element左伴随函子left adjoint functor左可消的left cancellable左陪集left coset左（右）模left (right) module左（右）零元left (right) zero左（右）单位元left (right) identity左（右）可逆元left (right) invertible element左（右）零因子left (right) zero divisor最大匹配maximum matching最小距离minimum distance自然同构natural isomorphism自然推理系统natural deduction system自然变换natural transformation状态转移函数next state transition function正规形normal form正规子群（不变子群）normal subgroup (invariant subgroup)正交拉丁方orthogonal Latin square正交表orthogonal layout整数的分拆数partition number of integer置换群permutation group准素循环模primary cycle module主理想principal ideal主理想整环principal ideal domain证明（演绎）proof (deduction)正常着色proper coloring真正因子proper factor真滤子proper filter真子群proper subgroup真包含关系properly inclusive relation重构猜想reconstruction conjecture自反的reflexive正则图regular graph正则表示regular representation值域range秩rank自同态endomorphism自同态环ring of endomorphism自补图self-complement graph最小元（素）smallest element子代数subalgebra子范畴subcategory子图subgraph子直积subdirect product子域subfield子群subgroup子公式subformula子模sub-module子关系subrelation子环subring子半群sub-semigroup子集subset重言式（永真公式）tautology真值表truth table真值函数truth value function真值表技术technique of truth table终端terminal endpoint终结对象terminal object重（权）weight字word