spring声明式事务配置

   前段时间对Spring的事务配置做了比较深入的研究，在此之间对Spring的事务配置虽说也配置过，但是一直没有一个清楚的认识。通过这次的学习发觉Spring的事务配置只要把思路理清，还是比较好掌握的。

    总结如下：

    Spring配置文件中关于事务配置总是由三个组成部分，分别是DataSource、TransactionManager和代理机制这三部分，无论哪种配置方式，一般变化的只是代理机制这部分。

    DataSource、TransactionManager这两部分只是会根据数据访问方式有所变化，比如使用Hibernate进行数据访问时，DataSource实际为SessionFactory，TransactionManager的实现为HibernateTransactionManager。

根据代理机制的不同，总结了五种Spring事务的配置方式，配置文件如下：

第一种方式：每个Bean都有一个代理

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">    <bean id="sessionFactory"              class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">          <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />          <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />    </bean>      <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->      <bean id="transactionManager"        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />    </bean>        <!-- 配置DAO -->    <bean id="userDaoTarget" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />    </bean>        <bean id="userDao"          class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean">             <!-- 配置事务管理器 -->             <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />             <property name="target" ref="userDaoTarget" />           <property name="proxyInterfaces" value="com.bluesky.spring.dao.GeneratorDao" />        <!-- 配置事务属性 -->          <property name="transactionAttributes">              <props>                  <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>            </props>          </property>      </bean>  </beans>

 第二种方式：所有Bean共享一个代理基类

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">    <bean id="sessionFactory"              class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">          <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />          <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />    </bean>      <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->      <bean id="transactionManager"        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />    </bean>        <bean id="transactionBase"              class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean"              lazy-init="true" abstract="true">          <!-- 配置事务管理器 -->          <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />          <!-- 配置事务属性 -->          <property name="transactionAttributes">              <props>                  <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>              </props>          </property>      </bean>           <!-- 配置DAO -->    <bean id="userDaoTarget" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />    </bean>        <bean id="userDao" parent="transactionBase" >          <property name="target" ref="userDaoTarget" />       </bean></beans>

第三种方式：使用拦截器

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">    <bean id="sessionFactory"              class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">          <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />          <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />    </bean>      <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->      <bean id="transactionManager"        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />    </bean>        <bean id="transactionInterceptor"          class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor">          <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />          <!-- 配置事务属性 -->          <property name="transactionAttributes">              <props>                  <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>              </props>          </property>      </bean>          <bean class="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator">          <property name="beanNames">              <list>                  <value>*Dao</value>            </list>          </property>          <property name="interceptorNames">              <list>                  <value>transactionInterceptor</value>              </list>          </property>      </bean>        <!-- 配置DAO -->    <bean id="userDao" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />    </bean></beans>

第四种方式：使用tx标签配置的拦截器

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd           http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">    <context:annotation-config />    <context:component-scan base-package="com.bluesky" />    <bean id="sessionFactory"              class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">          <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />          <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />    </bean>      <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->      <bean id="transactionManager"        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />    </bean>    <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">        <tx:attributes>            <tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED" />        </tx:attributes>    </tx:advice>        <aop:config>        <aop:pointcut id="interceptorPointCuts"            expression="execution(* com.bluesky.spring.dao.*.*(..))" />        <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice"            pointcut-ref="interceptorPointCuts" />            </aop:config>      </beans>

第五种方式：全注解

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd           http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">    <context:annotation-config />    <context:component-scan base-package="com.bluesky" />    <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>    <bean id="sessionFactory"              class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">          <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />          <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />    </bean>      <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->      <bean id="transactionManager"        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />    </bean>    </beans>

此时在DAO上需加上@Transactional注解，如下：

package com.bluesky.spring.dao;import java.util.List;import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport;import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;import com.bluesky.spring.domain.User;@Transactional@Component("userDao")public class UserDaoImpl extends HibernateDaoSupport implements UserDao {    public List<User> listUsers() {        return this.getSession().createQuery("from User").list();    }        }