［centos5.4 x86 64位］使用第三方软件仓库｜使用RPMForge软件库

在centos下运行yum install flash-plugin，或者 yum install mplayer 的时候，命令无效？为什么会这样？因为centos是rhel编译过来的，去掉了所有关于版权问题的东西。因此，在没有使用第三方软件库的情况下，很多软件无法用yum install来直接安装。

RPMForge拥有4000多种CentOS的软件包，被CentOS社区认为是最安全也是最稳定的一个软件仓库。
下面，我就来讲解下如何使用RPMForge软件仓库：

一、安装yum-priorities插件。

这个插件是用来设置yum在调用软件源时的顺序的。因为官方提供的软件源，都是比较稳定和被推荐使用的。因此，官方源的顺序要高于第三方源的顺序。如何保证这个顺序，就需要安装yum-priorities这插件了。

shell> yum install yum-priorities     #安装yum-priorities

安装完后需要设置/etc/yum.repos.d/ 目录下的.repo相关文件（如CentOS-Base.repo），在这些文件中插入顺序指令：priority=N  （N为1到99的正整数，数值越小越优先）

一般的配置是这样的：
[base], [addons], [updates], [extras] ... priority=1
[centosplus],[contrib] ... priority=2
其他第三的软件源为：priority=N  （推荐N>10）

如我的CentOS-Base.repo配置为：

# CentOS-Base.repo
#
# The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
# update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
# geographically close to the client.  You should use this for CentOS updates
# unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
#
# If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the
# remarked out baseurl= line instead.
#
#

[base]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base
mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
priority=1

#released updates
[updates]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates
mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=updates
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
priority=1

#packages used/produced in the build but not released
[addons]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Addons
mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=addons
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/addons/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
priority=1

#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras
mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=extras
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
priority=1

#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus
mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
priority=2

#contrib - packages by Centos Users
[contrib]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Contrib
mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=contrib
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
priority=2

二、下载与安装相应rpmforge的rpm文件包

1，下载rpmforge的rpm文件包

32位系统
shell> wget http://packages.sw.be/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.5.1-1.el5.rf.i386.rpm
64位系统
shell> wget http://packages.sw.be/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.5.1-1.el5.rf.x86_64.rpm

如果您不清楚您的系统内核，你可以使用uname -i命令来查看您的内核信息。

2，安装DAG的PGP Key

shell> rpm --import http://dag.wieers.com/rpm/packages/RPM-GPG-KEY.dag.txt

3，验证rpmforge的rpm文件包

shell> rpm -K rpmforge-release-0.5.1-1.el5.rf.*.rpm

4，安装rpmforge的rpm文件包

shell> rpm -i rpmforge-release-0.5.1-1.el5.rf.*.rpm

5，设置/etc/yum.repos.d/rpmforge.repo文件中源的级别，就是添加priority=11这句。
如我的rpmforge.repo文件内容：
### Name: RPMforge RPM Repository for Red Hat Enterprise 5 - dag
### URL: http://rpmforge.net/
[rpmforge]
name = Red Hat Enterprise $releasever - RPMforge.net - dag
baseurl = http://apt.sw.be/redhat/el5/en/$basearch/rpmforge
mirrorlist = http://apt.sw.be/redhat/el5/en/mirrors-rpmforge
#mirrorlist = file:///etc/yum.repos.d/mirrors-rpmforge
enabled = 1
protect = 0
gpgkey = file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-rpmforge-dag
gpgcheck = 1
priority=11

三、测试

1，测试升级

shell> yum check-update

输出信息应该会有以下两行：

Loading "priorities" plugin
...
XX packages excluded due to repository priority protections

2，安装下xmms音乐播放器试试，如果安装成功了就没有问题了。

shell> yum install xmms
shell> yum install xmms-mp3    #安装xmms的mp3播放插件

［参考］
1，http://wiki.centos.org/AdditionalResources/Repositories/RPMForge

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