Oracle索引错误的解决办法

 index VHL_V6.PK_WEB_APP_TGT_OBJ or partition of such index is in unusable state 

转载：http://blog.csdn.net/cnham/article/details/4603829

今天在选择一条记录进行做删除操作时，碰见index失败的问题，如下：
处理失败!错误信息:[SQLException  ORA-01502  index  VHL_V6.PK_WEB_APP_TGT_OBJ  or partition of such index is in unusable state ]
在网上查询了下，知道原因，就上数据库查了一下，结果如下：
1 PK_WEB_APP_TGT_OBJ NORMAL VHL_V6 TABLE UNUSABLE。
显然是UNUSABLE状态，那也就知道原因了，呵呵，解决！

以下为参考文件：

SQL> create table t(a number);
Table created.

1、现在，我们建立一个唯一索引来看看：
SQL> create unique index idx_t on t(a);
Index created.
SQL> select index_name,index_type,tablespace_name,table_type,status from user_indexes where index_name='T';          
no rows selected
SQL> select index_name,index_type,tablespace_name,table_type,status from user_indexes where index_name='IDX_T';
INDEX_NAME                     INDEX_TYPE                  TABLESPACE_NAME                TABLE_TYPE  STATUS
------------------------------ --------------------------- ------------------------------ ----------- --------
IDX_T                          NORMAL                      DATA_DYNAMIC                   TABLE       VALID
SQL> insert into t values(1);
1 row created.
SQL> commit;
Commit complete.

2、将索引手工修改为unusable状态（模拟发生索引失效的情况）：
SQL> alter index idx_t unusable;
Index altered.
SQL>  select index_name,index_type,tablespace_name,table_type,status from user_indexes where index_name='IDX_T';
INDEX_NAME                     INDEX_TYPE                  TABLESPACE_NAME                TABLE_TYPE  STATUS
------------------------------ --------------------------- ------------------------------ ----------- --------
IDX_T                          NORMAL                      DATA_DYNAMIC                   TABLE       UNUSABLE
我们看到这是，已经不能正常往表中插入数据：
SQL> insert into t values(2);
insert into t values(2)
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01502: index 'MISC.IDX_T' or partition of such index is in unusable state

3、首先，我们通过重建索引（rebuild index）的方法来解决问题：
SQL> alter index idx_t rebuild;
Index altered.
SQL> select index_name,index_type,tablespace_name,table_type,status from user_indexes where index_name='IDX_T';
INDEX_NAME                     INDEX_TYPE                  TABLESPACE_NAME                TABLE_TYPE  STATUS
------------------------------ --------------------------- ------------------------------ ----------- --------
IDX_T                          NORMAL                      DATA_DYNAMIC                   TABLE       VALID
SQL> insert into t values(2);
1 row created.
SQL> commit;
Commit complete.
SQL>

4、现在我们再次模拟索引失效(unusable状态)：
SQL> alter index idx_t unusable;
Index altered.
SQL> select index_name,index_type,tablespace_name,table_type,status from user_indexes where index_name='IDX_T';
INDEX_NAME                     INDEX_TYPE                  TABLESPACE_NAME                TABLE_TYPE  STATUS
------------------------------ --------------------------- ------------------------------ ----------- --------
IDX_T                          NORMAL                      DATA_DYNAMIC                   TABLE       UNUSABLE
SQL> insert into t values(3);
insert into t values(3)
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01502: index 'MISC.IDX_T' or partition of such index is in unusable state

5、然后，看看是否可以通过设置参数skip_unusable_indexes=true来解决问题：
SQL> alter session set skip_unusable_indexes=true;
Session altered.
SQL> insert into t values(3);
insert into t values(3)
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01502: index 'MISC.IDX_T' or partition of such index is in unusable state
SQL> select index_name,index_type,tablespace_name,table_type,status from user_indexes where index_name='IDX_T';
INDEX_NAME                     INDEX_TYPE                  TABLESPACE_NAME                TABLE_TYPE  STATUS
------------------------------ --------------------------- ------------------------------ ----------- --------
IDX_T                          NORMAL                      DATA_DYNAMIC                   TABLE       UNUSABLE
SQL> alter index idx_t rebuild;
Index altered.
SQL> select index_name,index_type,tablespace_name,table_type,status from user_indexes where index_name='IDX_T';
INDEX_NAME                     INDEX_TYPE                  TABLESPACE_NAME                TABLE_TYPE  STATUS
------------------------------ --------------------------- ------------------------------ ----------- --------
IDX_T                          NORMAL                      DATA_DYNAMIC                   TABLE       VALID
SQL> insert into t values(3);
1 row created.
SQL> commit;
Commit complete.
SQL>

 

删除主键索引    --索引的disable和enable状态还是不太懂

先使索引失效 DISABLE

alter table TEST_TABLE   add constraint TEST_TABLE primary key (TEST_ID)  disable;

删除主键索引

drop index test_id;

曾经无意中跑了一个建表脚本，建了两百多张表，为赶时间仓促间只是简单的DROP表，结果导致user_object中INDEX的记录出现很多乱码，一定要删除索引先，是以为戒

总结：对于unique index，通过简单的设置参数是不能解决问题的，要解决unique index 失效的问题，只能通过重建索引来实现。