C++11 并发指南二(std::thread 详解)
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std::thread在<thread>头文件中声明,因此使用std::thread时包含<thread>头文件
1、std::thread构造:
1)default——thread():默认构造函数,创建一个空的thread执行对象
2)initialization——thread(a,b):初始化构造函数,创建一个thread对象,该对象可被joinable,新产生的线程会调用a函数,函数的参数由b给出
3)copy[deleted]——thread(const thread& ) = delete:拷贝构造函数禁用,意味着thread不可被拷贝构造
4)move——thread(thread&& x)noexcept:构造函数,调用成功后x不代表任何thread执行对象
注意:可被joinable的thread对象必须在它们销毁之前被主线程join,或者将其设置为detached
std::thread各种构造函数例子如下:
#include <iostream>#include <utility>#include <thread>#include <chrono>#include <functional>#include <atomic> void f1(int n){ for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i) { std::cout << "Thread 1 executing\n"; ++n; std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(10)); }} void f2(int& n){ for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i) { std::cout << "Thread 2 executing\n"; ++n; std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(10)); }} int main(){ int n = 0; std::thread t1; // t1 is not a thread std::thread t2(f1, n + 1); // pass by value std::thread t3(f2, std::ref(n)); // pass by reference std::thread t4(std::move(t3)); // t4 is now running f2(). t3 is no longer a thread t2.join(); t4.join(); std::cout << "Final value of n is " << n << '\n';}在Mac下打印结果是这样的
TThhrreeaadd 21 executingexecutingTThhrreeaadd 21 executing executingThread 1 executingThread 2 executingTThhrreeaadd 12 eexxeeccuuttiinnggThread 1 executingThread 2 executingFinal value of n is 5
2、Move赋值操作
1)move——thread& operator=(thread&& rhs) noexcept;move赋值操作,如果当前对象不可joinable,需要传递一个右值引用给move赋值操作,如果当前对象可被joinable,则terminate()报错。
2)copy[deleted]——thread& operator=(const thread&) = delete;拷贝赋值操作被禁用,thread对象不可被拷贝
#include <stdio.h>#include <stdlib.h>#include <chrono>#include <iostream>#include <thread>using namespace std;void thread_task(int n){ this_thread::sleep_for(chrono::seconds(n)); cout << "hello thread " << this_thread::get_id() << " Pause " << n << " seconds" << endl;}int main(void){ std::thread threads[5]; cout << "Spawning 5 threads...\n"; for(int i = 0;i < 5; i++) { threads[i] = std::thread(thread_task,i+1); } cout << "Done spawning threads! Now wait for them to join\n"; for(auto& t : threads) { t.join(); } cout << "All threads joined.\n"; return EXIT_SUCCESS; }
3、其它成员函数
1)get_id:获取线程ID
2)joinable:检测线程是否可被join
3)join:join线程,会和主线程
4)detach:detach线程,与主线程分离
5)swap:swap线程
6)native_handle:返回native_handle
7)hardware_concurrency[static]:检测硬件并发特性
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