C++11 并发指南二(std::thread 详解)

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上一篇博客《C++11 并发指南一(C++11 多线程初探)》中只是提到了 std::thread 的基本用法,并给出了一个最简单的例子,本文将稍微详细地介绍 std::thread 的用法。

std::thread 在 <thread> 头文件中声明,因此使用 std::thread 时需要包含 <thread> 头文件。

std::thread 构造

default (1)
thread() noexcept;
initialization (2)
template <class Fn, class... Args>explicit thread (Fn&& fn, Args&&... args);
copy [deleted] (3)
thread (const thread&) = delete;
move (4)
thread (thread&& x) noexcept;
  • (1). 默认构造函数,创建一个空的 thread 执行对象。
  • (2). 初始化构造函数,创建一个 thread对象,该 thread对象可被 joinable,新产生的线程会调用 fn 函数,该函数的参数由 args 给出。
  • (3). 拷贝构造函数(被禁用),意味着 thread 不可被拷贝构造。
  • (4). move 构造函数,move 构造函数,调用成功之后 x 不代表任何 thread 执行对象。
  • 注意:可被 joinable 的 thread 对象必须在他们销毁之前被主线程 join 或者将其设置为 detached.

std::thread 各种构造函数例子如下(参考):

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#include <iostream>#include <utility>#include <thread>#include <chrono>#include <functional>#include <atomic> void f1(int n){    for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i) {        std::cout << "Thread " << n << " executing\n";        std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(10));    }} void f2(int& n){    for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i) {        std::cout << "Thread 2 executing\n";        ++n;        std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(10));    }} int main(){    int n = 0;    std::thread t1; // t1 is not a thread    std::thread t2(f1, n + 1); // pass by value    std::thread t3(f2, std::ref(n)); // pass by reference    std::thread t4(std::move(t3)); // t4 is now running f2(). t3 is no longer a thread    t2.join();    t4.join();    std::cout << "Final value of n is " << n << '\n';}
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move 赋值操作

move (1)
thread& operator= (thread&& rhs) noexcept;
copy [deleted] (2)
thread& operator= (const thread&) = delete;
  • (1). move 赋值操作,如果当前对象不可 joinable,需要传递一个右值引用(rhs)给 move 赋值操作;如果当前对象可被 joinable,则 terminate() 报错。
  • (2). 拷贝赋值操作被禁用,thread 对象不可被拷贝。

请看下面的例子:

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#include <stdio.h>#include <stdlib.h>#include <chrono>    // std::chrono::seconds#include <iostream>  // std::cout#include <thread>    // std::thread, std::this_thread::sleep_forvoid thread_task(int n) {    std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(n));    std::cout << "hello thread "        << std::this_thread::get_id()        << " paused " << n << " seconds" << std::endl;}/* * ===  FUNCTION  ========================================================= *         Name:  main *  Description:  program entry routine. * ======================================================================== */int main(int argc, const char *argv[]){    std::thread threads[5];    std::cout << "Spawning 5 threads...\n";    for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {        threads[i] = std::thread(thread_task, i + 1);    }    std::cout << "Done spawning threads! Now wait for them to join\n";    for (auto& t: threads) {        t.join();    }    std::cout << "All threads joined.\n";    return EXIT_SUCCESS;}  /* ----------  end of function main  ---------- */
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其他成员函数

  • get_id
  • joinable
  • join
  • detach
  • swap
  • native_handle
  • hardware_concurrency [static]
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