poj 3071 Football(概率dp)
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题目链接
Description
Consider a single-elimination football tournament involving 2n teams, denoted 1, 2, …, 2n. In each round of the tournament, all teams still in the tournament are placed in a list in order of increasing index. Then, the first team in the list plays the second team, the third team plays the fourth team, etc. The winners of these matches advance to the next round, and the losers are eliminated. Aftern rounds, only one team remains undefeated; this team is declared the winner.
Given a matrix P = [pij] such that pij is the probability that teami will beat team j in a match determine which team is most likely to win the tournament.
Input
The input test file will contain multiple test cases. Each test case will begin with a single line containingn (1 ≤ n ≤ 7). The next 2n lines each contain 2n values; here, thejth value on the ith line represents pij. The matrixP will satisfy the constraints that pij = 1.0 − pji for all i ≠ j, and pii = 0.0 for alli. The end-of-file is denoted by a single line containing the number −1. Note that each of the matrix entries in this problem is given as a floating-point value. To avoid precision problems, make sure that you use either thedouble
data type instead of float
.
Output
The output file should contain a single line for each test case indicating the number of the team most likely to win. To prevent floating-point precision issues, it is guaranteed that the difference in win probability for the top two teams will be at least 0.01.
Sample Input
20.0 0.1 0.2 0.30.9 0.0 0.4 0.50.8 0.6 0.0 0.60.7 0.5 0.4 0.0-1
Sample Output
2
Hint
In the test case above, teams 1 and 2 and teams 3 and 4 play against each other in the first round; the winners of each match then play to determine the winner of the tournament. The probability that team 2 wins the tournament in this case is:
= p21p34p23 + p21p43p24
= 0.9 · 0.6 · 0.4 + 0.9 · 0.4 · 0.5 = 0.396.
The next most likely team to win is team 3, with a 0.372 probability of winning the tournament.
题意:2^n支球队打淘汰赛,第1支和第2支打,第2支和第3支打,,,依次类推。已知每支球队战胜另一支球队的概率,问哪支球队夺冠的概率最大?
用p[i][j] 表示i打赢j的概率。
题解:用dp[i][j] 表示第i轮比赛,第j支球队获胜的概率。转移就是:
如果第i轮,第j支球队和第k支球队可能相遇:
dp[i][j]+=dp[i-1][j]*dp[i-1][k]*p[j][k]
代码如下:
#include<stdio.h>#include<iostream>#include<queue>#include<algorithm>#include<string>#include<string.h>#include<math.h>#define nn 1100using namespace std;int n;double dp[10][210];double p[210][210];int main(){ int i,j,k; while(scanf("%d",&n)&&n!=-1) { for(i=0;i<(1<<n);i++) { for(j=0;j<(1<<n);j++) scanf("%lf",&p[i][j]); } memset(dp,0,sizeof(dp)); for(i=0;i<(1<<n);i++) dp[0][i]=1.0; for(i=1;i<=n;i++) { for(j=0;j<(1<<n);j++) { for(k=0;k<(1<<n);k++) { if(((j>>(i-1))^1)==(k>>(i-1))) dp[i][j]+=dp[i-1][j]*dp[i-1][k]*p[j][k]; } } } double tem=0; int id; for(j=0;j<(1<<n);j++) { if(dp[n][j]>tem) { tem=dp[n][j]; id=j; } } printf("%d\n",id+1); } return 0;}
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