map&reduce

def f(x):...     return x * x...>>> map(f, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9])[1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81]

reduce的用法:reduce把一个函数作用在一个序列[x1, x2, x3...]上，这个函数必须接收两个参数，reduce把结果继续和序列的下一个元素做累积计算，其效果就是：

reduce(f, [x1, x2, x3, x4]) = f(f(f(x1, x2), x3), x4)

>>> def add(x, y):...     return x + y...>>> reduce(add, [1, 3, 5, 7, 9])25

def str2int(s):    def fn(x, y):        return x * 10 + y    def char2num(s):        return {'0': 0, '1': 1, '2': 2, '3': 3, '4': 4, '5': 5, '6': 6, '7': 7, '8': 8, '9': 9}[s]    return reduce(fn, map(char2num, s))

还可以用lambda函数进一步简化成：

def char2num(s):    return {'0': 0, '1': 1, '2': 2, '3': 3, '4': 4, '5': 5, '6': 6, '7': 7, '8': 8, '9': 9}[s]def str2int(s):    return reduce(lambda x,y: x*10+y, map(char2num, s))