关于Harris角点检测的实现

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harris角点检测算法非常有名,网上也有一堆源代码,这里自己贴下自己找到的一些资料,以备将来查看。

1.matlab中有内置的corner函数可以实现harris焦点的提取
2.网上也有很多博文中贴出了源代码,这里我们都做了测试,至于网上源代码中 的这段,研究了好久都没有研究出来,为啥这个高斯函数的一阶微分会是这个结果呢,不知道呀2333333333333
如果有大神知道,请劳烦告知一下,谢谢了

fx = [5 0 -5;8 0 -8;5 0 -5];          % 高斯函数一阶微分,x方向(用于改进的Harris角点提取算法)

3.自己参考大神们的源码自己也写了一个附在其中,其中也遇到一些问题,比如imfilter, conv2, filter2之间的关系,简单来讲conv2是卷积操作,filter2是相关操作,imfilter理论上都能实现以上两者的效果,在我们放出的代码中的test部分就是对matlab论坛中一个帖子的测试代码了。

% -----------------【harris corner detect】--------------% author  :   zhyh2010% date    :   20150511% target  :   harris corner detect% --------------------------【end】----------------------function main    % clc    % close all    % clear all    %harris_matlab_inside;%     test    myharris_1;%     harris_refer1;%     harris_refer2;end% -----------------【matlab 内置corner函数进行角点检测】--------------% method :  corner  只支持单通道% --------------------------【end】----------------------function harris_matlab_inside    src = imread('1.jpg');    figure, imshow(src)    title('original pic')    src_corner = corner(rgb2gray(src), 'Harris', 1000);    figure, imshow(src);    hold on    plot(src_corner(:, 1), src_corner(:, 2), 'b*')    hold offend% -----------------【matlab conv2 filter2 imfilter 区别】--------------% 检验博文  http://www.ilovematlab.cn/thread-293710-1-1.html% --------------------------【end】----------------------function test    A=[4 3 1 2;0 1 1 3;5 2 0 0]    B=[1 2 3;0 -1 2;1 1 0]        % kernel    C = conv2(A, B, 'full')    D = filter2(B, A, 'full')    E_1 = imfilter(A, B, 0, 'full', 'conv')    E_2 = imfilter(A, B, 0, 'full', 'corr')end% -----------------【myharris_1】--------------% 根据原理自行实现 harris 角点检测% --------------------------【end】----------------------function myharris_1     src = imread('1.jpg');     img = rgb2gray(src);     h_x = [-2 -1 0 1 2];%      Ix = imfilter(img, h_x, 0, 'full', 'corr');% %      Ix = imfilter(img, h_x, 0, 'same', 'corr');%      Ix = Ix(2:end-1, 2:end -1);    Ix = filter2(h_x, img);     h_y = [-2 -1 0 1 2]';% %      Iy = imfilter(img, h_y, 0, 'same', 'corr');%      %      Iy = imfilter(img, h_y, 0, 'full', 'corr');%      Iy = Iy(2:end-1, 2:end -1);    Iy = filter2(h_y, img);     Ix2 = Ix.^2;     Iy2 = Iy.^2;     Ixy = Ix.*Iy;     kernel_size = 3;     kernel_sigma = 2;     h = fspecial('gaussian', kernel_size, kernel_sigma);     Ix2 = filter2(h, Ix2);     Iy2 = filter2(h, Iy2);     Ixy = filter2(h, Ixy);     pic_width = size(img, 2);     pic_height = size(img, 1);     alpha = 0.05;     Judge_standard = zeros(size(img));     result = zeros(size(img));     for i = 1 : pic_height         for j = 1 : pic_width            M = [Ix2(i,j) Ixy(i,j);Ixy(i,j) Iy2(i,j)];            Judge_standard(i, j) = det(M) - alpha * trace(M)^2;         end     end     MaxJS = max(Judge_standard(:));     R = Judge_standard;     threshold = 0.1 * MaxJS;     for i = 2 : pic_height - 1         for j = 2 : pic_width - 1             if (Judge_standard(i, j) > threshold) ...                   && (bigger_around(Judge_standard, i, j))                 result(i, j) = 1;                             end         end     end    [posx, posy] = find(result == 1);    fprintf('---------------find %d corners---------------\n', length(posx));    figure, imshow(src)    hold on    plot(posy, posx, 'b*')    hold offend% -----------------【myharris_1 接口子函数】--------------% 本质  3 X 3 局部抑制操作% isbigger = bigger_around(A, i, j)%   A  :  存储角点评判标准的值%   i,j : 当前坐标 %   attention : 2 <= i <= size(A, 1) - 1%                2 <= j <= size(A, 2) - 1% --------------------------【end】----------------------function isbigger = bigger_around(A, i, j)    assert(i >= 2 && i <= size(A, 1) - 1);    assert(j >= 2 && j <= size(A, 2) - 1);    cond = A(i, j) > A(i - 1, j - 1);    cond = cond && (A(i, j) > A(i - 1, j));    cond = cond && (A(i, j) > A(i - 1, j + 1));    cond = cond && (A(i, j) > A(i, j - 1));%     cond = cond && (A(i, j) > A(i, j));    cond = cond && (A(i, j) > A(i, j + 1));    cond = cond && (A(i, j) > A(i + 1, j - 1));    cond = cond && (A(i, j) > A(i + 1, j));    cond = cond && (A(i, j) > A(i + 1, j + 1));    isbigger = cond;end% -----------------【别人的harris算法实现1】--------------% 参考地址: http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_6c73951701017bwi.html% --------------------------【end】----------------------function harris_refer1    %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%    %   Harris角点提取算法                                          %    %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%    clear;    %filename = 'Lena.jpg';    filename='1.jpg';    X = imread(filename);     % 读取图像    % imshow(X);    Info = imfinfo(filename); %获取图像相关信息    if (Info.BitDepth > 8)        f = rgb2gray(X);    end    %《基于特征点的图像配准与拼接技术研究》    %计算图像亮度f(x,y)在点(x,y)处的梯度-----------------------------------------------    fx = [5 0 -5;8 0 -8;5 0 -5];          % 高斯函数一阶微分,x方向(用于改进的Harris角点提取算法)    ori_im = double(f) / 255;                   %unit8转化为64为双精度double64    %fx = [-2 -1 0 1 2];                     % x方向梯度算子(用于Harris角点提取算法)    Ix = filter2(fx, ori_im);                % x方向滤波    fy = [5 8 5;0 0 0;-5 -8 -5];          % 高斯函数一阶微分,y方向(用于改进的Harris角点提取算法)    %fy = [-2; -1; 0; 1; 2];                     % y方向梯度算子(用于Harris角点提取算法)    Iy = filter2(fy, ori_im);                % y方向滤波    %构造自相关矩阵---------------------------------------------------------------    Ix2 = Ix .^ 2;    Iy2 = Iy .^ 2;    Ixy = Ix .* Iy;    clear Ix;    clear Iy;    h= fspecial('gaussian', [3 3], 2);        % 产生7*7的高斯窗函数,sigma=2    Ix2 = filter2(h,Ix2);    Iy2 = filter2(h,Iy2);    Ixy = filter2(h,Ixy);    %提取特征点---------------------------------------------------------------    height = size(ori_im, 1);    width = size(ori_im, 2);    result = zeros(height, width);           % 纪录角点位置,角点处值为1    R = zeros(height, width);    Rmax = 0;                              % 图像中最大的R值    k = 0.06; %k为常系数,经验取值范围为0.04~0.06    for i = 1 : height        for j = 1 : width            M = [Ix2(i, j) Ixy(i, j); Ixy(i, j) Iy2(i, j)];             % auto correlation matrix            R(i,j) = det(M) - k * (trace(M)) ^ 2;                     % 计算R            if R(i,j) > Rmax                Rmax = R(i, j);            end;        end;    end;    %T = 0.01 * Rmax;%固定阈值,当R(i, j) > T时,则被判定为候选角点    T = 0.1 * Rmax;%固定阈值,当R(i, j) > T时,则被判定为候选角点    %在计算完各点的值后,进行局部非极大值抑制-------------------------------------    cnt = 0;    for i = 2 : height-1        for j = 2 : width-1            % 进行非极大抑制,窗口大小3*3            if (R(i, j) > T && R(i, j) > R(i-1, j-1) && R(i, j) > R(i-1, j) && R(i, j) > R(i-1, j+1) && R(i, j) > R(i, j-1) && ...                    R(i, j) > R(i, j+1) && R(i, j) > R(i+1, j-1) && R(i, j) > R(i+1, j) && R(i, j) > R(i+1, j+1))                result(i, j) = 1;                cnt = cnt+1;            end;        end;    end;    i = 1;        for j = 1 : height            for k = 1 : width                if result(j, k) == 1;                    corners1(i, 1) = j;                    corners1(i, 2) = k;                    i = i + 1;                end;            end;        end;    [posc, posr] = find(result == 1);    figure,imshow(ori_im);    hold on;    plot(posr, posc, 'r+');end% -----------------【别人的harris算法实现2】--------------% 参考地址: http://blog.csdn.net/makenothing/article/details/12884331% --------------------------【end】----------------------function harris_refer2    %MatLab角点检测程序harris。    ori_im2=rgb2gray(imread('1.jpg'));           %ori_im2=imresize(ori_im2',0.50,'bicubic');  %加上这句图就变成竖着的了        fx = [5 0 -5;8 0 -8;5 0 -5];          % % la gaucienne,ver axe x      Ix = filter2(fx,ori_im2);              % la convolution vers axe x      fy = [5 8 5;0 0 0;-5 -8 -5];          % la gaucienne,ver axe y      Iy = filter2(fy,ori_im2);              % la convolution vers axe y      Ix2 = Ix.^2;      Iy2 = Iy.^2;      Ixy = Ix.*Iy;      clear Ix;      clear Iy;      h= fspecial('gaussian',[3 3],2);      % générer une fonction gaussienne,sigma=2      Ix2 = filter2(h,Ix2);      Iy2 = filter2(h,Iy2);      Ixy = filter2(h,Ixy);      height = size(ori_im2,1);      width = size(ori_im2,2);      result = zeros(height,width);         % enregistrer la position du coin      R = zeros(height,width);      K=0.04;      Rmax = 0;                              % chercher la valeur maximale de R      for i = 1:height          for j = 1:width              M = [Ix2(i,j) Ixy(i,j);Ixy(i,j) Iy2(i,j)];                       R(i,j) = det(M)-K*(trace(M))^2;                     % % calcule R              if R(i,j) > Rmax                 Rmax = R(i,j);              end;          end;      end;      cnt = 0;      for i = 2:height-1          for j = 2:width-1              % réduire des valuers minimales ,la taille de fenetre 3*3              if R(i,j) > 0.01*Rmax && R(i,j) > R(i-1,j-1) && R(i,j) > R(i-1,j) && R(i,j) > R(i-1,j+1) && R(i,j) > R(i,j-1) && R(i,j) > R(i,j+1) && R(i,j) > R(i+1,j-1) && R(i,j) > R(i+1,j) && R(i,j) > R(i+1,j+1)                  result(i,j) = 1;                  cnt = cnt+1;              end;          end;      end;      [posr2, posc2] = find(result == 1);      cnt                                      % compter des coins      figure      imshow(ori_im2);      hold on;      plot(posc2,posr2,'w*');  end% -----------------【别人的harris算法实现3】--------------% 参考地址: http://blog.csdn.net/makenothing/article/details/12884331% --------------------------【end】----------------------function harris_refer3    %%%Prewitt Operator Corner Detection.m  %%%时间优化--相邻像素用取差的方法求Harris角点   %%    %clear;   Image = imread('1.jpg');                 % 读取图像   Image = im2uint8(rgb2gray(Image));     dx = [-1 0 1;-1 0 1;-1 0 1];  %dx:横向Prewitt差分模版  Ix2 = filter2(dx,Image).^2;     Iy2 = filter2(dx',Image).^2;                                          Ixy = filter2(dx,Image).*filter2(dx',Image);  %生成 9*9高斯窗口。窗口越大,探测到的角点越少。  h= fspecial('gaussian',9,2);  A = filter2(h,Ix2);       % 用高斯窗口差分Ix2得到A   B = filter2(h,Iy2);                                   C = filter2(h,Ixy);                                    nrow = size(Image,1);                              ncol = size(Image,2);                               Corner = zeros(nrow,ncol); %zeros用来产生一个全零矩阵,故矩阵Corner用来保存候选角点位置,初值全零,值为1的点是角点   %参数t:点(i,j)八邻域的“相似度”参数,只有中心点与邻域其他八个点的像素值之差在   %(-t,+t)之间,才确认它们为相似点,相似点不在候选角点之列   t=20;   %我并没有全部检测图像每个点,而是除去了边界上boundary个像素,也就是从第8行第8列开始遍历。   %因为我们感兴趣的角点并不出现在边界上   %个人觉得这一部分是的主要目的是找出可能是角点的点,缩小范围,加快运算速度。   %具体思想是如果中心点(i,j)周围8个点中有7、8个点灰度值与之相似,那么该中心点应该处于平坦区域,不可能为角点,   %如果中心点(i,j)周围只有1个点或者没有点与之相似,那么该中心点也不可能为角点。   boundary=8;   for i=boundary:nrow-boundary+1       for j=boundary:ncol-boundary+1           nlike=0; %相似点个数           if Image(i-1,j-1)>Image(i,j)-t && Image(i-1,j-1)<Image(i,j)+t               nlike=nlike+1;           end           if Image(i-1,j)>Image(i,j)-t && Image(i-1,j)<Image(i,j)+t                nlike=nlike+1;           end           if Image(i-1,j+1)>Image(i,j)-t && Image(i-1,j+1)<Image(i,j)+t                nlike=nlike+1;           end            if Image(i,j-1)>Image(i,j)-t && Image(i,j-1)<Image(i,j)+t                nlike=nlike+1;           end           if Image(i,j+1)>Image(i,j)-t && Image(i,j+1)<Image(i,j)+t                nlike=nlike+1;           end           if Image(i+1,j-1)>Image(i,j)-t && Image(i+1,j-1)<Image(i,j)+t                nlike=nlike+1;           end           if Image(i+1,j)>Image(i,j)-t && Image(i+1,j)<Image(i,j)+t                nlike=nlike+1;           end           if Image(i+1,j+1)>Image(i,j)-t && Image(i+1,j+1)<Image(i,j)+t                nlike=nlike+1;           end           if nlike>=2 && nlike<=6               Corner(i,j)=1;%如果周围有2~6个相似点,那(i,j)就是角点           end;       end;   end;  CRF = zeros(nrow,ncol);    % CRF用来保存角点响应函数值,初值全零   CRFmax = 0;                % 图像中角点响应函数的最大值,作阈值之用   k=0.05;     % 计算CRF   %工程上常用CRF(i,j) =det(M)/trace(M)计算CRF,那么此时应该将下面第105行的   %比例系数k设置大一些,k=0.1对采集的这几幅图像来说是一个比较合理的经验值   for i = boundary:nrow-boundary+1       for j = boundary:ncol-boundary+1       if Corner(i,j)==1  %只关注候选点           M = [A(i,j) C(i,j);                C(i,j) B(i,j)];                 CRF(i,j) = det(M)-k*(trace(M))^2;           if CRF(i,j) > CRFmax               CRFmax = CRF(i,j);              end;                  end   end;               end;    %CRFmax   count = 0;       % 用来记录角点的个数   t=0.01;          % 下面通过一个3*3的窗口来判断当前位置是否为角点   for i = boundary:nrow-boundary+1   for j = boundary:ncol-boundary+1           if Corner(i,j)==1  %只关注候选点的八邻域               if CRF(i,j) > t*CRFmax && CRF(i,j) >CRF(i-1,j-1) ......%?????为什么要CRF(i,j) > t*CRFmax啊?求大神告知                  && CRF(i,j) > CRF(i-1,j) && CRF(i,j) > CRF(i-1,j+1) ......                  && CRF(i,j) > CRF(i,j-1) && CRF(i,j) > CRF(i,j+1) ......                  && CRF(i,j) > CRF(i+1,j-1) && CRF(i,j) > CRF(i+1,j)......                  && CRF(i,j) > CRF(i+1,j+1)               count=count+1;%这个是角点,count加1               else % 如果当前位置(i,j)不是角点,则在Corner(i,j)中删除对该候选角点的记录                   Corner(i,j) = 0;                   end;           end;   end;   end;   % disp('角点个数');   % disp(count)   figure,imshow(Image);      % display Intensity Image   hold on;   % toc(t1)   for i=boundary:nrow-boundary+1   for j=boundary:ncol-boundary+1           column_ave=0;           row_ave=0;           k=0;          if Corner(i,j)==1               for x=i-3:i+3  %7*7邻域                   for y=j-3:j+3                       if Corner(x,y)==1   % 用算数平均数作为角点坐标,如果改用几何平均数求点的平均坐标,对角点的提取意义不大                           row_ave=row_ave+x;                           column_ave=column_ave+y;                           k=k+1;                       end                   end               end           end           if k>0 %周围不止一个角点                          plot( column_ave/k,row_ave/k ,'g.');           end   end;   end;   end% http://blog.csdn.net/jinshengtao/article/details/17717731

参考文献
1.imfilter 与conv2 和 filter2 之间的区别

2.harris源码1

3.harris源码2

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