Android OpenGL10 基本图形绘制 <3>

下面程序的opengl的图形是根据Opengl1.0版本API进行的.

<a> : 首先绘制点:

<1> : 新建一个android studio工程,这个工程参考前一篇坐标系的.工程名:PumpKinBasicGL10,主类如下:

package org.durian.pumpkinbasicgl10;import android.app.Activity;import android.opengl.GLSurfaceView;import android.os.Bundle;import org.durian.pumpkinbasicgl10.draw2d.PumpKinRenderer;import org.durian.pumpkinbasicgl10.draw2d.dot.PumpkinDotRenderer;import org.durian.pumpkinbasicgl10.draw2d.line.PumpKinLineRenderer;import org.durian.pumpkinbasicgl10.draw2d.triangle.PumpKinTriangleRenderer;import org.durian.pumpkinbasicgl10.draw3d.cube.PumpKinCubeRenderer;import org.durian.pumpkinbasicgl10.draw3d.shapes.PumpKinPyramidRenderer;public class MainActivity extends Activity {    private GLSurfaceView mSurfaceView;    @Override    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);        mSurfaceView=new GLSurfaceView(this);        mSurfaceView.setRenderer(/*new PumpKinRenderer()*/new PumpkinDotRenderer()/*new PumpKinLineRenderer(this)*//*new PumpKinTriangleRenderer()*//*new PumpKinPyramidRenderer()*//*new PumpKinCubeRenderer()*/);        setContentView(mSurfaceView/*R.layout.activity_main*/);    }    @Override    protected void onResume() {        super.onResume();        mSurfaceView.onResume();    }    @Override    protected void onPause() {        super.onPause();        mSurfaceView.onPause();    }}

<2> : 画点类程序如下:

package org.durian.pumpkinbasicgl10.draw2d.dot;import java.nio.ByteBuffer;import java.nio.ByteOrder;import java.nio.FloatBuffer;import javax.microedition.khronos.opengles.GL10;/** * Created by Administrator on 2016/4/26. */public class PumpKinDot {    private FloatBuffer vertexsBuffer;    private FloatBuffer colorsBuffer;    //x,y,z    private float[] vertexs=new float[]{            1.0f,0.0f,0.0f,            0.0f,1.0f,0.0f,            -1.0f,0.0f,0.0f,            0.0f,-1.0f,0.0f,            0.5f,0.0f,0.0f,            0.0f,0.5f,0.0f,            -0.5f,0.0f,0.0f,            0.0f,-0.5f,0.0f,            0.0f,0.0f,0.0f,            0.0f,0.0f,1.0f,            0.0f,0.0f,-1.0f,            0.0f,0.0f,0.5f,            0.0f,0.0f,-0.5f,            0.0f,0.0f,0.0f    };    //r,g,b,a    private float[] colors={            0.0f,1.0f,0.0f,1.0f,            1.0f,0.0f,0.0f,1.0f,            0.0f,1.0f,0.0f,1.0f,            1.0f,0.0f,0.0f,1.0f,            0.0f,1.0f,0.0f,1.0f,            1.0f,1.0f,0.0f,1.0f,            0.0f,1.0f,0.0f,1.0f,            1.0f,0.0f,0.0f,1.0f,            1.0f,1.0f,1.0f,1.0f,            1.0f,1.0f,1.0f,1.0f,            1.0f,1.0f,1.0f,1.0f,            1.0f,1.0f,1.0f,1.0f,            1.0f,1.0f,1.0f,1.0f,            1.0f,1.0f,1.0f,1.0f,    };    public PumpKinDot(){        ByteBuffer vbb=ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(vertexs.length*4);        vbb.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());        vertexsBuffer=vbb.asFloatBuffer();        vertexsBuffer.put(vertexs);        vertexsBuffer.position(0);        ByteBuffer cbb=ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(colors.length*4);        cbb.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());        colorsBuffer=cbb.asFloatBuffer();        colorsBuffer.put(colors);        colorsBuffer.position(0);    }    public void draw(GL10 gl){        gl.glEnableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);        gl.glVertexPointer(3,GL10.GL_FLOAT,0,vertexsBuffer);        gl.glEnableClientState(GL10.GL_COLOR_ARRAY);        gl.glColorPointer(4,GL10.GL_FLOAT,0,colorsBuffer);        gl.glDrawArrays(GL10.GL_POINTS,0,vertexs.length/3);        gl.glDisableClientState(GL10.GL_COLOR_ARRAY);        gl.glDisableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);    }}

上面程序主要是注意

gl.glDrawArrays(GL10.GL_POINTS,0,vertexs.length/3);

第一个参数为设置绘制图形类型.第一篇博客已有说明.

程序在x,y,z轴上面绘制画出多个点.

渲染的类:

package org.durian.pumpkinbasicgl10.draw2d.dot;import android.opengl.GLSurfaceView;import android.opengl.GLU;import org.durian.pumpkinbasicgl10.draw2d.PumpKin;import javax.microedition.khronos.egl.EGLConfig;import javax.microedition.khronos.opengles.GL10;/** * Created by Administrator on 2016/4/26. */public class PumpkinDotRenderer implements GLSurfaceView.Renderer {    private PumpKinDot pumpKinDot;    private PumpKin pumpKin;    public PumpkinDotRenderer() {        pumpKinDot = new PumpKinDot();        pumpKin=new PumpKin();    }    @Override    public void onSurfaceCreated(GL10 gl, EGLConfig config) {        gl.glClearColor(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);        gl.glClearDepthf(1.0f);        gl.glEnable(GL10.GL_DEPTH_TEST);        gl.glDepthFunc(GL10.GL_LEQUAL);        gl.glHint(GL10.GL_PERSPECTIVE_CORRECTION_HINT, GL10.GL_NICEST);        gl.glShadeModel(GL10.GL_SMOOTH);        gl.glDisable(GL10.GL_DITHER);    }    @Override    public void onSurfaceChanged(GL10 gl, int width, int height) {        if (height == 0) {            height = 1;        }        float aspect = (float) width / height;        gl.glViewport(0, 0, width, height);        gl.glMatrixMode(GL10.GL_PROJECTION);        gl.glLoadIdentity();        GLU.gluPerspective(gl, 45, aspect, 0.1f, 100.0f);        gl.glMatrixMode(GL10.GL_MODELVIEW);        gl.glLoadIdentity();    }    @Override    public void onDrawFrame(GL10 gl) {        gl.glClear(GL10.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL10.GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);        gl.glLoadIdentity();        gl.glTranslatef(0.0f, 0.0f, -6.0f);        gl.glRotatef(45,1.0f,1.0f,1.0f);        //pumpKin.draw(gl);        pumpKinDot.draw(gl);    }}

上面对于的坐标线:

//pumpKin.draw(gl);

被注释了,这个绘制的坐标线不是必须的,只是让人可以更好定位三维空间位置,能够看得见.

运行结果:

如果将坐标系直线显示出来:

上面的在程序中,做了坐标变换:对坐标做了旋转变换.

gl.glRotatef(45,1.0f,1.0f,1.0f);

坐标线条程序和前一篇一模一样:

package org.durian.pumpkinbasicgl10.draw2d;import java.nio.ByteBuffer;import java.nio.ByteOrder;import java.nio.FloatBuffer;import javax.microedition.khronos.opengles.GL10;/** * Created by Administrator on 2016/4/28. */public class PumpKin {    private FloatBuffer vertexsBuffer;    private FloatBuffer colorsBuffer;    private ByteBuffer indicesBuffer;    private float vertexs[]={            -3.0f,0.0f,0.0f,            3.0f,0.0f,0.0f,            0.0f,-3.0f,0.0f,            0.0f,3.0f,0.0f,            0.0f,0.0f,-3.0f,            0.0f,0.0f,3.0f    };    private float colors[]={            1.0f,0.0f,0.0f,1.0f,            1.0f,0.0f,0.0f,1.0f,            0.0f,1.0f,0.0f,1.0f,            0.0f,1.0f,0.0f,1.0f,            0.0f,0.0f,1.0f,1.0f,            0.0f,0.0f,1.0f,1.0f    };    private byte indices[]={0,1,2};    public PumpKin(){        ByteBuffer vbb=ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(vertexs.length*4);        vbb.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());        vertexsBuffer=vbb.asFloatBuffer();        vertexsBuffer.put(vertexs);        vertexsBuffer.position(0);        ByteBuffer cbb=ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(colors.length*4);        cbb.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());        colorsBuffer=cbb.asFloatBuffer();        colorsBuffer.put(colors);        colorsBuffer.position(0);    }    public void draw(GL10 gl){        gl.glEnableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);        gl.glEnableClientState(GL10.GL_COLOR_ARRAY);        gl.glVertexPointer(3,GL10.GL_FLOAT,0,vertexsBuffer);        gl.glColorPointer(4,GL10.GL_FLOAT,0,colorsBuffer);        gl.glDrawArrays(GL10.GL_LINES,0,vertexs.length/3);        gl.glDisableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);    }}

package org.durian.pumpkinbasicgl10.draw2d;import android.opengl.GLSurfaceView;import android.opengl.GLU;import javax.microedition.khronos.egl.EGLConfig;import javax.microedition.khronos.opengles.GL10;/** * Created by Administrator on 2016/4/28. */public class PumpKinRenderer implements GLSurfaceView.Renderer {    private PumpKin pumpKin;    public PumpKinRenderer(){        pumpKin=new PumpKin();    }    @Override    public void onSurfaceCreated(GL10 gl, EGLConfig config) {        gl.glClearColor(0.0f,0.0f,0.0f,1.0f);        gl.glClearDepthf(1.0f);        gl.glEnable(GL10.GL_DEPTH_TEST);        gl.glDepthFunc(GL10.GL_LEQUAL);        gl.glHint(GL10.GL_PERSPECTIVE_CORRECTION_HINT,GL10.GL_NICEST);        gl.glShadeModel(GL10.GL_SMOOTH);        gl.glDisable(GL10.GL_DITHER);    }    @Override    public void onSurfaceChanged(GL10 gl, int width, int height) {        if(height==0){            height=1;        }        float aspect=(float)width/height;        gl.glViewport(0,0,width,height);        gl.glMatrixMode(GL10.GL_PROJECTION);        gl.glLoadIdentity();        GLU.gluPerspective(gl, 45, aspect, 0.1f, 100.0f);        gl.glMatrixMode(GL10.GL_MODELVIEW);        gl.glLoadIdentity();    }    @Override    public void onDrawFrame(GL10 gl) {        gl.glClear(GL10.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT|GL10.GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);        gl.glLoadIdentity();        gl.glTranslatef(0.0f,0.0f,-2f);        gl.glRotatef(45,1.0f,1.0f,1.0f);        pumpKin.draw(gl);    }}

上面即是绘制点.

<b> : 下面介绍绘制直线,其实绘制直线前面已经有了,比如绘制坐标直线.只需要在上面工程添加绘制line的类和渲染类

package org.durian.pumpkinbasicgl10.draw2d.line;import android.util.Log;import java.nio.ByteBuffer;import java.nio.ByteOrder;import java.nio.FloatBuffer;import javax.microedition.khronos.opengles.GL10;/** * Created by Administrator on 2016/4/26. */public class PumpKinLine {    private FloatBuffer vertexsBuffer;    private FloatBuffer colorsBuffer;    private ByteBuffer indicesBuffer;    private float[] vertexss={            -1.0f,-1.0f,0.0f,            1.0f,-1.0f,0.0f,            -1.0f,1.0f,0.0f,            1.0f,1.0f,0.0f    };    //x,y,z    private float[] vertexs={            0.0f,0.0f,0.0f,            1.0f,0.0f,0.0f,            0.0f,0.0f,0.0f,            0.0f,1.0f,0.0f    };    //r,g,b,a    private float[] colors={            1.0f,0.0f,0.0f,1.0f,            0.0f,1.0f,0.0f,1.0f,            1.0f,0.0f,0.0f,1.0f,            0.0f,1.0f,0.0f,1.0f    };    private byte[] indices={            0,1,2    };    public PumpKinLine(){        ByteBuffer vbb=ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(vertexs.length*4);        vbb.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());        vertexsBuffer=vbb.asFloatBuffer();        vertexsBuffer.put(vertexs);        vertexsBuffer.position(0);        ByteBuffer cbb=ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(colors.length*4);        cbb.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());        colorsBuffer=cbb.asFloatBuffer();        colorsBuffer.put(colors);        colorsBuffer.position(0);        indicesBuffer=ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(indices.length);        indicesBuffer.put(indices);        indicesBuffer.position(0);    }    public void draw(GL10 gl){        gl.glEnableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);        gl.glEnableClientState(GL10.GL_COLOR_ARRAY);        gl.glVertexPointer(3,GL10.GL_FLOAT,0,vertexsBuffer);        gl.glColorPointer(4,GL10.GL_FLOAT,0,colorsBuffer);        gl.glColor4f(1.0f,0.0f,0.0f,1.0f);        gl.glDrawArrays(GL10.GL_LINES,0,vertexs.length/3);        //gl.glDrawElements(GL10.GL_TRIANGLES,indices.length,GL10.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE,indicesBuffer);        gl.glDisableClientState(GL10.GL_COLOR_ARRAY);        gl.glDisableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);    }}

绘制也可以通过:

gl.glDrawElements(GL10.GL_TRIANGLES,indices.length,GL10.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE,indicesBuffer);

进行,只是这个方法需要提供绘制序列点indices数组.

绘制的直线的:

0.0f,0.0f,0.0f,            1.0f,0.0f,0.0f,

这两点连接的线

以及:

0.0f,0.0f,0.0f,            0.0f,1.0f,0.0f

这两天链接的线.

即两条线分别沿x,y正方向.

对应的渲染类如下:

package org.durian.pumpkinbasicgl10.draw2d.line;import android.content.Context;import android.opengl.GLSurfaceView;import android.opengl.GLU;import org.durian.pumpkinbasicgl10.draw2d.PumpKin;import javax.microedition.khronos.egl.EGLConfig;import javax.microedition.khronos.opengles.GL10;/** * Created by Administrator on 2016/4/26. */public class PumpKinLineRenderer implements GLSurfaceView.Renderer {    private PumpKinLine pumpKinLine;    private PumpKin pumpKin;    public PumpKinLineRenderer(){        pumpKinLine=new PumpKinLine();        pumpKin=new PumpKin();    }    @Override    public void onSurfaceCreated(GL10 gl, EGLConfig config) {        gl.glClearColor(0.0f,0.0f,0.0f,1.0f);        gl.glClearDepthf(1.0f);        gl.glEnable(GL10.GL_DEPTH_TEST);        gl.glDepthFunc(GL10.GL_LEQUAL);        gl.glHint(GL10.GL_PERSPECTIVE_CORRECTION_HINT,GL10.GL_NICEST);        gl.glShadeModel(GL10.GL_SMOOTH);        gl.glDisable(GL10.GL_DITHER);    }    @Override    public void onSurfaceChanged(GL10 gl, int width, int height) {        if(height==0){            height=1;        }        float aspect=(float)width/height;        gl.glViewport(0,0,width,height);        gl.glMatrixMode(GL10.GL_PROJECTION);        gl.glLoadIdentity();        GLU.gluPerspective(gl, 45, aspect, 0.1f, 100.0f);        gl.glMatrixMode(GL10.GL_MODELVIEW);        gl.glLoadIdentity();    }    @Override    public void onDrawFrame(GL10 gl) {        gl.glClear(GL10.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT|GL10.GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);        gl.glLoadIdentity();        //gl.glTranslatef(0.0f,0.0f,0.0f);        gl.glTranslatef(0.0f,0.0f,-0.1f);        //gl.glTranslatef(-3.0f,0.0f,-6.0f);        //gl.glTranslatef(3.0f,0.0f,1.0f);//        pumpKin.draw(gl);        pumpKinLine.draw(gl);    }}

如果想显示当前的坐标线,可以将

//        pumpKin.draw(gl);

去掉注释.

<c> : 绘制多边形:代码如下

package org.durian.pumpkinbasicgl10.draw2d.triangle;import java.nio.ByteBuffer;import java.nio.ByteOrder;import java.nio.FloatBuffer;import javax.microedition.khronos.opengles.GL10;/** * Created by Administrator on 2016/4/27. */public class PumpKinTriangle {    private FloatBuffer vertexsBuffer;    private FloatBuffer vertexsaBuffer;    private FloatBuffer colorsBuffer;    private FloatBuffer colorsaBuffer;    private ByteBuffer indicesBuffer;    private ByteBuffer indicesaBuffer;    //x,y,z    private float[] vertexs={        1.0f,0.0f,0.0f,            0.0f,1.0f,0.0f,                0.0f,0.0f,1.0f    };    private float[] vertexsa={            1.0f,0.0f,0.0f,            0.0f,1.0f,0.0f,            0.0f,0.0f,1.0f,            1.0f,0.0f,1.0f,            0.5f,1.0f,0.0f,            0.5f,1.0f,1.0f    };    //r,g,b,a    private float[] colors={        1.0f,0.0f,0.0f,1.0f,            0.0f,1.0f,0.0f,1.0f,            0.0f,0.0f,1.0f,1.0f    };    private float[] colorsa={            1.0f,0.0f,0.0f,1.0f,            0.0f,1.0f,0.0f,1.0f,            0.0f,0.0f,1.0f,1.0f,            1.0f,0.0f,0.0f,1.0f,            0.0f,1.0f,0.0f,1.0f,            0.0f,0.0f,1.0f,1.0f    };    private byte[] indices={0,1,2};    private byte[] indicesa={0,1,2,3,4,5};    public PumpKinTriangle(){        ByteBuffer vbb=ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(vertexs.length*4);        vbb.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());        vertexsBuffer=vbb.asFloatBuffer();        vertexsBuffer.put(vertexs);        vertexsBuffer.position(0);        ByteBuffer vbba=ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(vertexsa.length*4);        vbba.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());        vertexsaBuffer=vbba.asFloatBuffer();        vertexsaBuffer.put(vertexsa);        vertexsaBuffer.position(0);        ByteBuffer cbb=ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(colors.length*4);        cbb.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());        colorsBuffer=cbb.asFloatBuffer();        colorsBuffer.put(colors);        colorsBuffer.position(0);        ByteBuffer cbba=ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(colorsa.length*4);        cbba.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());        colorsaBuffer=cbba.asFloatBuffer();        colorsaBuffer.put(colorsa);        colorsaBuffer.position(0);        indicesBuffer=ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(indices.length);        indicesBuffer.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());        indicesBuffer.put(indices);        indicesBuffer.position(0);        indicesaBuffer=ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(indicesa.length);        indicesaBuffer.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());        indicesaBuffer.put(indicesa);        indicesaBuffer.position(0);    }    // type :GL10.GL_TRIANGLES    public void draw(GL10 gl){        gl.glEnableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);        gl.glEnableClientState(GL10.GL_COLOR_ARRAY);        gl.glVertexPointer(3,GL10.GL_FLOAT,0,vertexsBuffer);        gl.glColorPointer(4,GL10.GL_FLOAT,0,colorsBuffer);        gl.glDrawArrays(GL10.GL_TRIANGLES,0,vertexs.length/3);        gl.glDisableClientState(GL10.GL_COLOR_ARRAY);        gl.glDisableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);    }    public void drawE(GL10 gl){        gl.glEnableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);        gl.glEnableClientState(GL10.GL_COLOR_ARRAY);        gl.glVertexPointer(3,GL10.GL_FLOAT,0,vertexsBuffer);        gl.glColorPointer(4,GL10.GL_FLOAT,0,colorsBuffer);        gl.glDrawElements(GL10.GL_TRIANGLES,indices.length,GL10.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE,indicesBuffer);        gl.glDisableClientState(GL10.GL_COLOR_ARRAY);        gl.glDisableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);    }    public void drawNc(GL10 gl){        gl.glEnableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);        gl.glColor4f(0.0f,1.0f,0.0f,1.0f);        gl.glVertexPointer(3,GL10.GL_FLOAT,0,vertexsBuffer);        gl.glDrawArrays(GL10.GL_TRIANGLES,0,vertexs.length/3);    }    //type : GL10.GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP    public void draw1(GL10 gl){        gl.glEnableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);        gl.glEnableClientState(GL10.GL_COLOR_ARRAY);        gl.glVertexPointer(3,GL10.GL_FLOAT,0,vertexsaBuffer);        gl.glColorPointer(4,GL10.GL_FLOAT,0,colorsaBuffer);        gl.glDrawArrays(GL10.GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP,0,vertexsa.length/3);        gl.glDisableClientState(GL10.GL_COLOR_ARRAY);        gl.glDisableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);    }    //type : GL10.GL_TRIANGLE_FAN    public void draw1E(GL10 gl){        gl.glEnableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);        gl.glEnableClientState(GL10.GL_COLOR_ARRAY);        gl.glVertexPointer(3,GL10.GL_FLOAT,0,vertexsaBuffer);        gl.glColorPointer(4,GL10.GL_FLOAT,0,colorsaBuffer);        gl.glDrawElements(GL10.GL_TRIANGLE_FAN,indicesa.length,GL10.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE,indicesaBuffer);        gl.glDisableClientState(GL10.GL_COLOR_ARRAY);        gl.glDisableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);    }}

程序采用了两种绘制图像的方法:

gl.glDrawArrays

和:

gl.glDrawElements

这两种绘制在前面大致说过了.

这里主要介绍这两个方法的第一个参数:分别是GL_TRIANGLES、GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP和GL_TRIANGLE_FAN

图片出处:http://blog.csdn.net/xiajun07061225/article/details/7455283,参考具体说明:

GL_TRIANGLES是以每三个顶点绘制一个三角形。第一个三角形使用顶点v0,v1,v2,第二个使用v3,v4,v5,以此类推。如果顶点的个数n不是3的倍数，那么最后的1个或者2个顶点会被忽略。GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP则稍微有点复杂。其规律是：构建当前三角形的顶点的连接顺序依赖于要和前面已经出现过的2个顶点组成三角形的当前顶点的序号的奇偶性（如果从0开始）：如果当前顶点是奇数：组成三角形的顶点排列顺序：T = [n-1 n-2 n].如果当前顶点是偶数：组成三角形的顶点排列顺序：T = [n-2 n-21 n].以上图为例，第一个三角形，顶点v2序号是2，是偶数，则顶点排列顺序是v0,v1,v2。第二个三角形，顶点v3序号是3，是奇数，则顶点排列顺序是v2,v1,v3,第三个三角形，顶点v4序号是4，是偶数，则顶点排列顺序是v2,v3,v4,以此类推。这个顺序是为了保证所有的三角形都是按照相同的方向绘制的，使这个三角形串能够正确形成表面的一部分。对于某些操作，维持方向是很重要的，比如剔除。注意：顶点个数n至少要大于3，否则不能绘制任何三角形。GL_TRIANGLE_FAN与GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP类似，不过它的三角形的顶点排列顺序是T = [n-1 n-2 n].各三角形形成一个扇形序列

还有一个更加具体的可以参考,非常好:

http://blog.csdn.net/gisxs/article/details/16897229

对应渲染类:

package org.durian.pumpkinbasicgl10.draw2d.triangle;import android.opengl.GLSurfaceView;import android.opengl.GLU;import javax.microedition.khronos.egl.EGLConfig;import javax.microedition.khronos.opengles.GL10;/** * Created by Administrator on 2016/4/27. */public class PumpKinTriangleRenderer implements GLSurfaceView.Renderer {    private PumpKinTriangle pumpKinTriangle;    public PumpKinTriangleRenderer(){        pumpKinTriangle=new PumpKinTriangle();    }    @Override    public void onSurfaceCreated(GL10 gl, EGLConfig config) {        gl.glClearColor(0.0f,0.0f,0.0f,1.0f);        gl.glClearDepthf(1.0f);        gl.glEnable(GL10.GL_DEPTH_TEST);        gl.glDepthFunc(GL10.GL_LEQUAL);        gl.glHint(GL10.GL_PERSPECTIVE_CORRECTION_HINT,GL10.GL_NICEST);        gl.glShadeModel(GL10.GL_SMOOTH);        gl.glDisable(GL10.GL_DITHER);    }    @Override    public void onSurfaceChanged(GL10 gl, int width, int height) {        if(height==0){            height=1;        }        float aspect=(float)width/height;        gl.glViewport(0,0,width,height);        gl.glMatrixMode(GL10.GL_PROJECTION);        gl.glLoadIdentity();        GLU.gluPerspective(gl, 45, aspect, 0.1f, 100.0f);        gl.glMatrixMode(GL10.GL_MODELVIEW);        gl.glLoadIdentity();    }    @Override    public void onDrawFrame(GL10 gl) {        gl.glClear(GL10.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT|GL10.GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);        gl.glLoadIdentity();        gl.glTranslatef(0.0f,0.0f,-6.0f);        pumpKinTriangle.draw1(gl);    }}

如果调用draw1方法,运行结果如下:

如果将渲染类中程序修改:

//        pumpKinTriangle.draw1(gl);        pumpKinTriangle.draw1E(gl);

运行结果:

上面大致介绍了基本二维图形的绘制.

下面介绍三维图形,三维图形其实和二维在程序上面没什么区别,只是需要注意z轴了,坐标方式差不多.三维图形基本也是由基本二维图形构成的.

<d> : 绘制金字塔模型:

package org.durian.pumpkinbasicgl10.draw3d.shapes;import java.nio.ByteBuffer;import java.nio.ByteOrder;import java.nio.FloatBuffer;import javax.microedition.khronos.opengles.GL10;/** * Created by Administrator on 2016/4/28. */public class PumpKinPyramid {    private FloatBuffer vertexsBuffer;    private FloatBuffer colorsBuffer;    private ByteBuffer indicesBuffer;    // 5 vertices of the pyramid in (x,y,z)    private float[] vertexs={            -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f,  // 0. left-bottom-back            1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f,  // 1. right-bottom-back            1.0f, -1.0f,  1.0f,  // 2. right-bottom-front            -1.0f, -1.0f,  1.0f,  // 3. left-bottom-front            0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f   // 4. top    };    // Colors of the 5 vertices in RGBA    private float[] colors={            0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,  // 0. blue            0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,  // 1. green            0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,  // 2. blue            0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,  // 3. green            1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f   // 4. red    };    private byte indices[]={            2, 4, 3,   // front face (CCW)            1, 4, 2,   // right face            0, 4, 1,   // back face            4, 0, 3    // left face    };    public PumpKinPyramid(){        ByteBuffer vbb=ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(vertexs.length*4);        vbb.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());        vertexsBuffer=vbb.asFloatBuffer();        vertexsBuffer.put(vertexs);        vertexsBuffer.position(0);        ByteBuffer cbb=ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(colors.length*4);        cbb.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());        colorsBuffer=cbb.asFloatBuffer();        colorsBuffer.put(colors);        colorsBuffer.position(0);        indicesBuffer=ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(indices.length);        indicesBuffer.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());        indicesBuffer.put(indices);        indicesBuffer.position(0);    }    public void draw(GL10 gl){        gl.glFrontFace(GL10.GL_CCW);        gl.glEnableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);        gl.glEnableClientState(GL10.GL_COLOR_ARRAY);        gl.glColorPointer(4,GL10.GL_FLOAT,0,colorsBuffer);        gl.glVertexPointer(3,GL10.GL_FLOAT,0,vertexsBuffer);        gl.glDrawElements(GL10.GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP,indices.length,GL10.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE,indicesBuffer);        gl.glDisableClientState(GL10.GL_COLOR_ARRAY);        gl.glDisableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);    }}

其中:

gl.glFrontFace(GL10.GL_CCW);

改程序设置:设置逆时针方向为正面.

上面的程序了vertexs顶点数组,可以很难搞清,等下在渲染器中添加坐标,然后再来对应上面的坐标点就了解了.
下面给出对应的渲染类:

package org.durian.pumpkinbasicgl10.draw3d.shapes;import android.opengl.GLSurfaceView;import android.opengl.GLU;import org.durian.pumpkinbasicgl10.draw2d.PumpKin;import javax.microedition.khronos.egl.EGLConfig;import javax.microedition.khronos.opengles.GL10;/** * Created by Administrator on 2016/4/28. */public class PumpKinPyramidRenderer implements GLSurfaceView.Renderer {    private PumpKinPyramid pumpKinPyramid;    private PumpKin pumpKin;    public PumpKinPyramidRenderer(){        pumpKinPyramid=new PumpKinPyramid();        pumpKin=new PumpKin();    }    @Override    public void onSurfaceCreated(GL10 gl, EGLConfig config) {        gl.glClearColor(0.0f,0.0f,0.0f,1.0f);        gl.glClearDepthf(1.0f);        gl.glEnable(GL10.GL_DEPTH_TEST);        gl.glDepthFunc(GL10.GL_LEQUAL);        gl.glHint(GL10.GL_PERSPECTIVE_CORRECTION_HINT,GL10.GL_NICEST);        gl.glShadeModel(GL10.GL_SMOOTH);        gl.glDisable(GL10.GL_DITHER);    }    @Override    public void onSurfaceChanged(GL10 gl, int width, int height) {        if(height==0){            height=1;        }        float aspect=(float)width/height;        gl.glViewport(0,0,width,height);        gl.glMatrixMode(GL10.GL_PROJECTION);        gl.glLoadIdentity();        GLU.gluPerspective(gl, 45, aspect, 0.1f, 100.0f);        gl.glMatrixMode(GL10.GL_MODELVIEW);        gl.glLoadIdentity();    }    @Override    public void onDrawFrame(GL10 gl) {        gl.glClear(GL10.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT|GL10.GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);        gl.glLoadIdentity();        gl.glTranslatef(0.0f, 0.0f, -8.0f);        gl.glRotatef(45,1.0f,1.0f,1.0f);        pumpKinPyramid.draw(gl);        pumpKin.draw(gl);    }}

运行结果:

一个金字塔形的立体需要4个面,一共需要5个顶点,主要是要定好坐标原点,比如上面坐标原点在金字塔中心位置.比如上面对着我们的绿色角,对应的顶点坐标(-1.0f, -1.0f,  1.0f),红色顶点在y轴(红线是x轴,绿色y轴,蓝色z轴)位置(0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f),刚好绿线(y轴)结果顶点,其他的一次类推.

<e> : 下面介绍立方体,基本上都是类似做法,立方体有八个坐标,同上,原点(0,0,0)设置在立方体中心位置,程序如下:

package org.durian.pumpkinbasicgl10.draw3d.cube;import java.nio.ByteBuffer;import java.nio.ByteOrder;import java.nio.FloatBuffer;import javax.microedition.khronos.opengles.GL10;/** * Created by Administrator on 2016/4/29. */public class PumpKinCube {    private FloatBuffer vertexsBuffer;    private FloatBuffer lvertexsBuffer;    private FloatBuffer lcolorsBuffer;    /*    * eight vertex as following :    * V0 : -1.0f, -1.0f,  1.0f    * V1 : 1.0f, -1.0f,  1.0f    * V2 : -1.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f    * V3 : -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f    * V4 : -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f    * V5 : -1.0f,  1.0f, -1.0f    * V6 : 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f    * V7 : 1.0f,  1.0f, -1.0f    * 三维坐标系原点在这个立方体中心    * */    private float[] vertices = {  // Vertices of the 6 faces            // FRONT            -1.0f, -1.0f,  1.0f,  // 0. left-bottom-front            1.0f, -1.0f,  1.0f,  // 1. right-bottom-front            -1.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f,  // 2. left-top-front            1.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f,  // 3. right-top-front            // BACK            1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f,  // 6. right-bottom-back            -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f,  // 4. left-bottom-back            1.0f,  1.0f, -1.0f,  // 7. right-top-back            -1.0f,  1.0f, -1.0f,  // 5. left-top-back            // LEFT            -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f,  // 4. left-bottom-back            -1.0f, -1.0f,  1.0f,  // 0. left-bottom-front            -1.0f,  1.0f, -1.0f,  // 5. left-top-back            -1.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f,  // 2. left-top-front            // RIGHT            1.0f, -1.0f,  1.0f,  // 1. right-bottom-front            1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f,  // 6. right-bottom-back            1.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f,  // 3. right-top-front            1.0f,  1.0f, -1.0f,  // 7. right-top-back            // TOP            -1.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f,  // 2. left-top-front            1.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f,  // 3. right-top-front            -1.0f,  1.0f, -1.0f,  // 5. left-top-back            1.0f,  1.0f, -1.0f,  // 7. right-top-back            // BOTTOM            -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f,  // 4. left-bottom-back            1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f,  // 6. right-bottom-back            -1.0f, -1.0f,  1.0f,  // 0. left-bottom-front            1.0f, -1.0f,  1.0f   // 1. right-bottom-front    };    private float[][] colors = {  // Colors of the 6 faces            {1.0f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f},  // 0. orange            {1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f},  // 1. violet            {0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f},  // 2. green            {0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f},  // 3. blue            {1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f},  // 4. red            {1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f}   // 5. yellow    };    public PumpKinCube(){        ByteBuffer vbb=ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(vertices.length*4);        vbb.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());        vertexsBuffer=vbb.asFloatBuffer();        vertexsBuffer.put(vertices);        vertexsBuffer.position(0);    }    public void draw(GL10 gl){        gl.glFrontFace(GL10.GL_CCW);        gl.glEnable(GL10.GL_CULL_FACE);        gl.glCullFace(GL10.GL_BACK);        gl.glEnableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);        gl.glVertexPointer(3,GL10.GL_FLOAT,0,vertexsBuffer);        for(int i=0;i<6;i++){            gl.glColor4f(colors[i][0],colors[i][1],colors[i][2],colors[i][3]);            gl.glDrawArrays(GL10.GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP,i*4,4);        }        gl.glDisableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);        gl.glDisable(GL10.GL_CULL_FACE);    }}

特别说一下:

gl.glFrontFace(GL10.GL_CCW);        gl.glEnable(GL10.GL_CULL_FACE);        gl.glCullFace(GL10.GL_BACK);

gl.glEnable(GL10.GL_CULL_FACE);

设置openggl有剔除效果，就是看不到的面就不画，当然可以增加效率

gl.glCullFace(GL10.GL_BACK);

设置背面被剔除，不画.

gl.glFrontFace(GL10.GL_CCW);

设置逆时针方向为正面

对应渲染器类:

package org.durian.pumpkinbasicgl10.draw3d.cube;import android.opengl.GLSurfaceView;import android.opengl.GLU;import org.durian.pumpkinbasicgl10.draw2d.PumpKin;import javax.microedition.khronos.egl.EGLConfig;import javax.microedition.khronos.opengles.GL10;/** * Created by Administrator on 2016/4/29. */public class PumpKinCubeRenderer implements GLSurfaceView.Renderer {    private PumpKinCube pumpKinCube;    private PumpKin pumpKin;    private int cubeAngle=0;    private int cubeSpeech=1;    public PumpKinCubeRenderer(){        pumpKinCube=new PumpKinCube();        pumpKin=new PumpKin();    }    @Override    public void onSurfaceCreated(GL10 gl, EGLConfig config) {        gl.glClearColor(0.0f,0.0f,0.0f,1.0f);        gl.glClearDepthf(1.0f);        gl.glEnable(GL10.GL_DEPTH_TEST);        gl.glDepthFunc(GL10.GL_LEQUAL);        gl.glHint(GL10.GL_PERSPECTIVE_CORRECTION_HINT,GL10.GL_NICEST);        gl.glShadeModel(GL10.GL_SMOOTH);        gl.glDisable(GL10.GL_DITHER);    }    @Override    public void onSurfaceChanged(GL10 gl, int width, int height) {        if(height==0){            height=1;        }        float aspect=(float)width/height;        gl.glViewport(0,0,width,height);        gl.glMatrixMode(GL10.GL_PROJECTION);        gl.glLoadIdentity();        GLU.gluPerspective(gl, 45, aspect, 0.1f, 100.0f);        gl.glMatrixMode(GL10.GL_MODELVIEW);        gl.glLoadIdentity();    }    @Override    public void onDrawFrame(GL10 gl) {        gl.glClear(GL10.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT|GL10.GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);        gl.glLoadIdentity();        gl.glTranslatef(0.0f,0.0f,-6.0f);        gl.glRotatef(cubeAngle,1.0f,1.0f,1.0f);        gl.glScalef(0.8f,0.8f,0.8f);        pumpKinCube.draw(gl);        pumpKin.draw(gl);        cubeAngle+=cubeSpeech;    }}

运行如下:

至于纹理部分将在后面单独给出来简述.