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Android 5.0以后启动服务的正确做法

从Android 5.0以后，启动服务不能使用隐式Intent，会报如下错误

03-25 09:58:57.424    2887-2887/info.blueye.startservice E/AndroidRuntime﹕ FATAL EXCEPTION: main    Process: info.blueye.startservice, PID: 2887    java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Service Intent must be explicit: Intent { act=info.blueye.startservice.MyService }            at android.app.ContextImpl.validateServiceIntent(ContextImpl.java:1674)            at android.app.ContextImpl.startServiceCommon(ContextImpl.java:1703)            at android.app.ContextImpl.startService(ContextImpl.java:1687)            at android.content.ContextWrapper.startService(ContextWrapper.java:515)            at info.blueye.startservice.MainActivity$1.onClick(MainActivity.java:21)            at android.view.View.performClick(View.java:4756)            at android.view.View$PerformClick.run(View.java:19749)            at android.os.Handler.handleCallback(Handler.java:739)            at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:95)            at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:135)            at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:5221)            at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)            at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:372)            at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:899)            at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:694)

其中

java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Service Intent must be explicit

这一句说明了原因，就是启动Service的Intent必须是显式的，在同一个应用内容，可以获得被启动的Service的定义，操作很简单，如下所示用于启动服务MyService：

package info.blueye.startservice;import android.content.Intent;import android.os.Bundle;import android.support.v7.app.ActionBarActivity;import android.view.View;public class MainActivity extends ActionBarActivity {    @Override    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);        findViewById(R.id.btnStartService).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {            @Override            public void onClick(View v) {                startService(new Intent(MainActivity.this,MyService.class));            }        });    }}

但是如果是外部应用内容的服务又该如何操作呢？在Android 5.0以前可以通过设置action使用隐式Intent来启动，但是在Android 5.0以后只能用显式Intent启动，所以可以使用配置组件名称的方式来启动，示例代码如下：

package info.blueye.startservice;import android.content.ComponentName;import android.content.Intent;import android.os.Bundle;import android.support.v7.app.ActionBarActivity;import android.view.View;public class MainActivity extends ActionBarActivity {    @Override    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);        findViewById(R.id.btnStartService).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {            @Override            public void onClick(View v) {                Intent i = new Intent();                i.setComponent(new ComponentName("info.blueye.startservice","info.blueye.startservice.MyService"));                startService(i);            }        });    }}

好了，问题解决了！