Public Bike Management

1018. Public Bike Management (30)

There is a public bike service in Hangzhou City which provides great convenience to the tourists from all over the world. One may rent a bike at any station and return it to any other stations in the city.

The Public Bike Management Center (PBMC) keeps monitoring the real-time capacity of all the stations. A station is said to be inperfect condition if it is exactly half-full. If a station is full or empty, PBMC will collect or send bikes to adjust the condition of that station to perfect. And more, all the stations on the way will be adjusted as well.

When a problem station is reported, PBMC will always choose the shortest path to reach that station. If there are more than one shortest path, the one that requires the least number of bikes sent from PBMC will be chosen.

Figure 1

Figure 1 illustrates an example. The stations are represented by vertices and the roads correspond to the edges. The number on an edge is the time taken to reach one end station from another. The number written inside a vertex S is the current number of bikes stored at S. Given that the maximum capacity of each station is 10. To solve the problem at S₃, we have 2 different shortest paths:

1. PBMC -> S₁ -> S₃. In this case, 4 bikes must be sent from PBMC, because we can collect 1 bike from S₁ and then take 5 bikes to S₃, so that both stations will be in perfect conditions.

2. PBMC -> S₂ -> S₃. This path requires the same time as path 1, but only 3 bikes sent from PBMC and hence is the one that will be chosen.

Input Specification:

Each input file contains one test case. For each case, the first line contains 4 numbers: C_max (<= 100), always an even number, is the maximum capacity of each station; N (<= 500), the total number of stations; S_p, the index of the problem station (the stations are numbered from 1 to N, and PBMC is represented by the vertex 0); and M, the number of roads. The second line contains N non-negative numbers C_i (i=1,...N) where each C_i is the current number of bikes at S_i respectively. Then M lines follow, each contains 3 numbers: S_i, S_j, and T_ij which describe the time T_ij taken to move betwen stations S_i and S_j. All the numbers in a line are separated by a space.

Output Specification:

For each test case, print your results in one line. First output the number of bikes that PBMC must send. Then after one space, output the path in the format: 0->S₁->...->S_p. Finally after another space, output the number of bikes that we must take back to PBMC after the condition of S_p is adjusted to perfect.

Note that if such a path is not unique, output the one that requires minimum number of bikes that we must take back to PBMC. The judge's data guarantee that such a path is unique.

Sample Input:

10 3 3 56 7 00 1 10 2 10 3 31 3 12 3 1

Sample Output:

3 0->2->3 0

本题的思路。先用dijkstra找出所有最短路径，用数组记录每个节点的前驱。

然后递归每条最短路径，记录每条路径要发出的自行车数量以及收回的自行车数量，取最优解。

#include <iostream>#include <vector>#include <queue>#include <string>#include <limits.h>using namespace std;void dijkstra(int start, int end);void findBestPath(int index);int c_max, n, sp, m;const int PBMC = 0;int sentFrom, takeBack, bestSent = INT_MAX, bestTake = INT_MAX;vector<int> c;vector<vector<int> > times;vector<vector<int> > prevPath;vector<int> path, BestPath;int main() {cin >> c_max >> n >> sp >> m;c.resize(n + 1, 0);for (int i = 1;i <= n;i++)cin >> c[i];times.resize(n + 1, vector<int>(n + 1, 0));int si, sj,t;for (int i = 0;i < m;i++) {cin >> si >> sj >> t;times[si][sj] = t;times[sj][si] = t;}dijkstra(PBMC, sp);findBestPath(sp);cout << bestSent << ' ';for (int i = BestPath.size() - 1;i > 0;i--)cout << BestPath[i] << "->";cout << BestPath[0] << ' ';cout << bestTake;system("pause");return 0;}void dijkstra(int start, int end) {vector<bool> visited;visited.resize(n + 1, false);vector<int> dist;dist.resize(n + 1, INT_MAX);prevPath.resize(n + 1);int index = -1;prevPath[start].push_back(-1);while (index != end) {//find closest vertexindex = -1;for (int i = 0;i <= n;i++) {if (!visited[i] && (index<0 || dist[i]<dist[index])) {index = i;}}//add vertex to pathvisited[index] = true;//update the distance of the rest vertexfor (int i = 0;i <= n;i++) {if (!visited[i] && times[index][i] != 0 ) {if (dist[i] > dist[index] + times[index][i]) {dist[i] = dist[index] + times[index][i];prevPath[i].clear();prevPath[i].push_back(index);}else if (dist[i] == dist[index] + times[index][i]) {prevPath[i].push_back(index);}}}}}void findBestPath(int index) {path.push_back(index);if (index == PBMC) {//caculate number of bike sent from and take back to PBMCsentFrom = 0;takeBack = 0;for (int i = path.size()-2;i >= 0;i--) {takeBack += c[path[i]] - c_max / 2;if (takeBack < 0) {sentFrom -= takeBack;takeBack = 0;}}//choose the best pathif (sentFrom < bestSent) {BestPath = path;bestSent = sentFrom;bestTake = takeBack;}else if (sentFrom == bestSent) {if (takeBack < bestTake) {BestPath = path;bestSent = sentFrom;bestTake = takeBack;}}}else {//recursionfor (int i = 0;i < prevPath[index].size();i++) {findBestPath(prevPath[index][i]);}}//roll backpath.pop_back();}