MPI的全称是Message Passing Interface即标准消息传递界面，可以用于并行计算。MPI有多种实现版本，如MPICH， CHIMP以及OPENMPI。这里我们采用MPICH版本。
一、MPICH安装
下载：http://www.mpich.org/static/downloads/3.0.4/mpich-3.0.4.tar.gz
tar -xzvf soft/mpich-3.0.4.tar.gz
cd mpich-3.0.4/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mpich
make && make install
安装后加入环境变量/etc/profile，并执行 source /etc/profile
PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mpich/bin
MANPATH=$MANPATH:/usr/local/mpich/man
export PATH MANPATH
二、单节点测试
复制源代码包下的examples目录到安装目录下
cp -r examples/ /usr/local/mpich
执行
mpirun -np 10 ./examples/cpi
输出结果如下：
Process 0 of 10 is on server150
Process 9 of 10 is on server150
Process 1 of 10 is on server150
Process 4 of 10 is on server150
Process 5 of 10 is on server150
Process 7 of 10 is on server150
Process 2 of 10 is on server150
Process 3 of 10 is on server150
Process 6 of 10 is on server150
Process 8 of 10 is on server150
pi is approximately 3.1415926544231256, Error is 0.0000000008333325
wall clock time = 0.020644
如果我们现在想编译文件： 在/home/houqingdong下执行： mpicc -o hello hello.c 这时候会提醒：-bash:mpicc command not found 这是因为我们还没有配置路径
在命令行下输入： export PATH=/home/houqingdong/mpiexe/bin:$PATH 注意：这里仅仅是暂时的设置路径，在重启后效果会消失，如果想一劳永逸的配置，请google查询
看一下我们配置是否成功可以执行一下 echo $PATH 看一下输出结果中是否有我们的路径
三、集群配置
1、集群机器上面需要配置ssh登录权限。参考：Hadoop-0.21.0在linux分布式集群配置 中的ssh配置(密钥无密码登录)部分。
2、复制编译程序到其他机器上面
scp -r mpich server140:/usr/local/
scp -r mpich server151:/usr/local/
scp -r mpich server130:/usr/local/
scp -r mpich server143:/usr/local/
同时在每台机器上面相应加入环境变量中。
3、
在/usr/local/mpich 下新建servers文件，内容如下：
server150:2 #run 2 process
server140:2
server130:2
server143:2
server151:2
执行下面命令，并指定servers文件
mpiexec -n 10 -f servers ./examples/cpi
输出
Process 0 of 10 is on server150
Process 1 of 10 is on server150
Process 4 of 10 is on server140
Process 5 of 10 is on server140
Process 6 of 10 is on server143
Process 7 of 10 is on server143
Process 8 of 10 is on server130
Process 9 of 10 is on server130
Process 2 of 10 is on server151
Process 3 of 10 is on server151
pi is approximately 3.1415926544231256, Error is 0.0000000008333325
wall clock time = 0.018768
四、参考资料
http://www.mpi-forum.org/docs/docs.html
http://www.mpich.org/
http://www.mcs.anl.gov/research/projects/mpi/
