Linux下Oracle的安装

 

1       系统需求

Linux环境：rhel-5.3-server-i386-dvd.iso

Oracle:         Oracle 10g

2       Linux环境安装

2.1     内核版本要求

[oracle@localhost ~]$ uname -r

2.6.18-128.el5

2.2     检查计算机配置

[root@localhost home]# grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo

MemTotal:      1035244 kB

[root@localhost home]# grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo

SwapTotal:     2096472 kB

[root@localhost home]# df -h

文件系统              容量  已用 可用 已用% 挂载点

/dev/sda2              15G  2.7G   11G  20% /

/dev/sda5              12G  160M   12G   2% /home

/dev/sda1             996M   39M  906M   5% /boot

tmpfs                 506M     0  506M   0% /dev/shm

/dev/hdc              2.9G  2.9G     0 100% /media/RHEL_5.3 i386 DVD

/dev/hdc              2.9G  2.9G     0 100% /mnt

2.3     程序包安装和更新

[oracle@localhost ~]$ rpm -q gcc make binutils openmotif setarch compat-db compat-gcc openmotif compat-gcc-c++ compat-libstdc++ compat-libstdc++-devel

gcc-4.1.2-44.el5

make-3.81-3.el5

binutils-2.17.50.0.6-9.el5

package openmotif is not installed

setarch-2.0-1.1

package compat-db is not installed

package compat-gcc is not installed

package openmotif is not installed

package compat-gcc-c++ is not installed

package compat-libstdc++ is not installed

package compat-libstdc++-devel is not installed

 

挂载ISO镜像

mount –o loop –t iso9660 /dev/cdrom /mnt

 

安装package openmotif

[root@localhost Server]# rpm -Uvh openmotif-2.3.1-2.el5.i386.rpm

warning: openmotif-2.3.1-2.el5.i386.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 37017186

error: Failed dependencies:

        libXp.so.6 is needed by openmotif-2.3.1-2.el5.i386

[root@localhost Server]# rpm -Uvh libXp-1.0.0-8.1.el5.i386.rpm

warning: libXp-1.0.0-8.1.el5.i386.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 37017186

Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]

   1:libXp                  ########################################### [100%]

[root@localhost Server]# rpm -Uvh openmotif-2.3.1-2.el5.i386.rpm

warning: openmotif-2.3.1-2.el5.i386.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 37017186

Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]

   1:openmotif              ########################################### [100%]

 

安装package compat-db

[root@localhost Server]# rpm -Uvh compat-db-4.2.52-5.1.i386.rpm

warning: compat-db-4.2.52-5.1.i386.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 37017186

 

Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]

   1:compat-db              ########################################### [100%]

 

安装package compat-gcc

[root@localhost Server]# rpm -ivh compat-gcc-34-3.4.6-4.i386.rpm

warning: compat-gcc-34-3.4.6-4.i386.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 37017186

Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]

        package compat-gcc-34-3.4.6-4.i386 is already installed

 

安装package openmotif

[root@localhost Server]# rpm -ivh openmotif22-2.2.3-18.i386.rpm

warning: openmotif22-2.2.3-18.i386.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 3                   7017186

Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]

   1:openmotif22            ########################################### [100%]

 

安装package compat-gcc-c++

[root@localhost Server]# rpm -Uvh compat-gcc-34-g77-3.4.6-4.i386.rpm

warning: compat-gcc-34-g77-3.4.6-4.i386.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 37017186

Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]

        package compat-gcc-34-g77-3.4.6-4.i386 is already installed

 

package compat-libstdc++

 

 

package compat-libstdc++-devel

 

 

 

2.4     遗留问题

还有3个包没有装上

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -q gcc make binutils openmotif setarch compat-db compat-gcc openmotif compat-gcc-c++ compat-libstdc++ compat-libstdc++-devel

gcc-4.1.2-44.el5

make-3.81-3.el5

binutils-2.17.50.0.6-9.el5

openmotif-2.3.1-2.el5

setarch-2.0-1.1

compat-db-4.2.52-5.1

compat-gcc-7.3-2.96.122

openmotif-2.3.1-2.el5

package compat-gcc-c++ is not installed

package compat-libstdc++ is not installed

package compat-libstdc++-devel is not installed

 

3       Oracle环境的配置

3.1     创建Oracle用户组

创建组用户：

#/usr/sbin/groupadd oinstall

#/usr/sbin/groupadd dba

创建用户，并设定用户组

#/usr/sbin/useradd –g oinstall –G dba oracle

 

#mkdir –p /oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1

#chown –R oracle.oinstall /oracle

#chmod –R 775 /oracle

设定oracle用户密码

#passwd oracle

3.2     修改环境变量

编辑.bash_profile文件，由于linux默认的shell使用的是bash。

.bash_profile添加的内容

3.3     设定系统核心参数

    Linux 内核非常出色。Linux 允许在系统启动和运行时修改大多数内核参数。完成内核参

 

数更改后不必重新启动系统。Oracle 数据库 10g 需要以下所示的内核参数设置。其中给出的是最小值，因此如果您的系统使用的值较大，则不要更改它。

[root@localhost ~]# cat >>/etc/sysctl.conf <<EOF

> kernel.shmall = 2097152

> kernel.shmmax = 2147483648

> kernel.shmmni = 4096

> kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

> fs.file-max = 65536

> net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000

> EOF

    保存文件后执行以下命令激活更改.

# /sbin/sysctl –p

[root@localhost ~]# /sbin/sysctl -p

net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0

net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1

net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0

kernel.sysrq = 0

kernel.core_uses_pid = 1

net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1

kernel.msgmnb = 65536

kernel.msgmax = 65536

kernel.shmmax = 4294967295

kernel.shmall = 268435456

kernel.shmall = 2097152

kernel.shmmax = 2147483648

kernel.shmmni = 4096

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

fs.file-max = 65536

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000

 

3.4     创建安装目录

 # mkdir -p /oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1

3.5     修改redhat发行标识

获得Oracle10g认证的Redhat Linux最高版本为redhat-4, 所以需要修改redhat-release文件。

    # vi /etc/redhat-release

    # Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5.3 (Tikanga)

redhat-4

3.6     Oracle用户设置Shell限制

  Oracle 建议对每个 Linux 帐户可以使用的进程数和打开的文件数设置限制。要进行这些更改，以 root 用户的身份执行下列命令：

[root@localhost ~]# cat >>/etc/security/limits.conf <<EOF

> oracle               soft    nproc   2047

> oracle               hard    nproc   16384

> oracle               soft    nofile  1024

> oracle               hard    nofile  65536

> EOF

 

[root@localhost ~]# cat >>/etc/pam.d/login <<EOF

> session    required     /lib/security/pam_limits.so

> EOF

 

 

       以root 用户身份运行以下命令：

[root@localhost ~]# cat >>/etc/profile <<EOF

> if [ \$USER = "oracle" ]; then

> if [ \$SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then

> ulimit -p 16384

> ulimit -n 65536

> else

> ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536

> fi

> umask 022

> fi

> EOF

 

 

[root@localhost ~]# cat >>/etc/csh.login <<EOF

> if ( \$USER == "oracle")  then

> limit maxproc 16384

> limit descriptors 65536

> umask 022

> endif

> EOF

 

3.7     Oracle用户语言环境

以oracle用户身份运行以下命令：

    $ touch .i18n

    $ vi .i18n

    LC_CTYPE="en"

3.8     Oracle用户环境变量

以 oracle 身份登录，并通过在 .bash_profile 或 .profile（bash 或 ksh）中添加以下行，将 ORACLE_BASE 添加到登录配置文件：

    $ vi .bash_profile

    # For Oracle

    TMP=/tmp; export TMP

    TMPDIR=$TMP; export TMPDIR

    ORACLE_BASE=/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE

    ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0/db_1; export ORACLE_HOME

    ORACLE_SID=ERP; export ORACLE_SID

    ORACLE_TERM=xterm; export ORACLE_TERM

    PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH; export PATH

    PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH; export PATH

    LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH

    CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib; export CLASSPATH

4       Oracle的安装

4.1     软件要求

10201_database_linux32.zip

4.2     安装Oracle过程

以ROOT用户身份进行安装

    $ unzip 10201_database_linux32.zip

    $ cd database

    $ ./runInstaller

 

使用root 执行如下脚本，分别执行

[root@localhost oraInventory]# ./orainstRoot.sh

 

[root@localhost db_1]# ./root.sh

Running Oracle10 root.sh script...

 

The following environment variables are set as:

    ORACLE_OWNER= oracle

    ORACLE_HOME=  /oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1

 

Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]:

   Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...

   Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...

   Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...

 

 

Creating /etc/oratab file...

Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by

Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created

Finished running generic part of root.sh script.

Now product-specific root actions will be performed.

 

4.3     Web下管理oracle10g数据库

执行命令：emctl status dbconsole

启动web界面：emctl start dbconsole

停止web界面：emctl stop dbconsole

默认安装完oracle之后就已经启动oracle 10g 的web的管理界面

在火狐浏览器输入http://127.0.0.1 :1158/em进入web操作界面

sys/orcl

 

5       Oracle环境测试

5.1     启动监听器

$ lsnrctl start

 

5.2     启动及关闭数据库

$ sqlplus /nolog

SQL> connect / as sysdba

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup

SQL> shutdown

 

6       Oracle 用户创建及权限设置

6.1     用户创建

　　#sqlplus /nolog

　　SQL> conn / as sysdba;

　　SQL>create user cmxdb identified by cmxdb

　　SQL> grant dba to cmxdb;

　　SQL> conn cmxdb/cmxdb

　　SQL> select * from user_sys_privs;