UVA 10604 (记忆化搜索 + hash)

In a chemist’s lab, there are several types of chemicals in tubes. The chemist wants to mix all these chemicals together, two chemicals at a time. Whenever two chemicals are mixed, some heat is generated and released into the air and the mixed chemical is a known chemical of possibly other type than the original two. The resulting chemical type and the amount of heats emitted can looked up in the chemical mixture table.

 

Chemicals

1

2

3

Resulting chemical type

Heats emmited

Resulting chemical type

Heats emmited

Resulting chemical type

Heats emmited

1

1

0

3

-10

3

3000

2

3

-10

2

0

1

-500

3

3

3000

1

-500

3

0

 

For example, in the above chemical mixture table, there are three types of chemicals: 1, 2, and 3. If you mix chemicals 1 and 3, they produce +3000 units of heat and turn into chemical 3. Sometimes, the heat generated can be negative. For instance, you can mix 2 and 3 and they turn into chemical 1 and in the meantime, cool down the lab by 500 units of heat. Since the chemist lacks funding to buy necessary equipments to protect himself from the heat generated, it is utmost important to find a way to mix all the chemicals together that produces the least total heat, regardless of the final chemical type. For example, suppose the lab has four tubes containing chemicals of types 1, 2, 2, and 3. If the chemicals are mixed in the parenthesize order of ((1 2) (2 3)), it will produce (–10)+ (-500)+(3000) = 2490 units of heat. However, if the chemicals are mixed in the (2 (1 (2 3))) order, it will produce (-500)+0+(-10)= -510 units of heat, which is also the least total heat possible.

 

Input

The first line of input file consists of a single number denoting the number of test cases in the file. There is a single line containing a ‘/’ character separating two consecutive test cases. The end of the file is marked with a line containing a ‘.’ For each test case, the first line contains an integer number m (1≤m≤6) denoting the number chemical types. Therefore, the chemicals are indexed from 1 up to at most 6. The next mxm lines give the chemical mixture table entries in the row-major order. Each line contains the new resulting chemical type and the amount of energy emitted. After the table entries is a line with a single number k (2≤k≤10) denoting number of tubes in the lab. The next line then contains k integers in the range of 1 and m, separated by blank spaces, denoting the types of chemicals in those k tubes.

 

Output

For each test case, output the least total heat possible on a single line.

 

Sample Input

Sample Output

2

3

1 0

3 -10

3 3000

3 -10

2 0

1 -500

3 3000

1 -500

3 0

4

1 2 2 3

/

3

1 0

3 500

3 -250

3 500

2 0

1 100

3 -250

1 100

3 0

6

1 1 1 2 2 3

.

-510

-650

题意：给定n个试剂，一下n*n行表示每种试剂相加之后生成物和放吸热，然后在输入m，表示m种试剂，求混合方案使得放热最少。

思路：记忆化搜索，本来是开6维数组来记录状态结果超时了，看了大神代码发现改成hash来记录状态就过了。

代码：

#include <stdio.h>#include <string.h>const int N = 15;int min(int a, int b) {return a < b ? a : b;}int t, n, m, ans, h[N], num[N], c[N][N], r[N][N], i, j, dp[2000000], vis[2000000];char s[10];int hash() {return 1000000 + h[1] * 100000 + h[2] * 10000 + h[3] * 1000 + h[4] * 100 + h[5] * 10 + h[6] * 1;}int dfs(int num) {int i, j;int x = hash();if (vis[x]) return dp[x];int &ans = dp[x];ans = 999999999;if (num == m - 1)ans = 0;for (i = 1; i <= n; i ++) {if (!h[i]) continue;h[i] --;for (j = 1; j <= n; j ++) {if (!h[j]) continue;h[j] --;h[c[i][j]] ++;ans = min(ans, dfs(num + 1) + r[i][j]);h[c[i][j]] --;h[j] ++;}h[i] ++;}vis[x] = 1;return ans;}int main() {scanf("%d", &t);while (t --) {memset(vis, 0, sizeof(vis));memset(dp, 0, sizeof(dp));memset(h, 0, sizeof(h));scanf("%d", &n);for (i = 1; i <= n; i ++)for (j = 1; j <= n; j ++) {scanf("%d%d", &c[i][j], &r[i][j]);}scanf("%d", &m);int z;for (i = 1; i <= m; i ++) {scanf("%d", &z);h[z] ++;}printf("%d\n", dfs(0));scanf("%s", s);}return 0;}