Cglib 与 JDK动态代理的运行性能比较

来源：互联网发布：各层网络协议编辑：程序博客网时间：2024/05/16 14:17

都说 Cglib 创建的动态代理的运行性能比 JDK 动态代理能高出大概 10 倍，今日抱着怀疑精神验证了一下，发现情况有所不同，遂贴出实验结果，以供参考和讨论。

代码很简单，首先，定义一个 Test 接口，和一个实现 TestImpl 。Test 接口仅定义一个方法 test，对传入的 int 参数加 1 后返回。代码如下：

package my.test;public interface Test {        public int test(int i);    }

package my.test;public class TestImpl implements Test{    public int test(int i) {        return i+1;    }}

package my.test;public class DecoratorTest implements Test{    private Test target;        public DecoratorTest(Test target) {        this.target = target;    }    public int test(int i) {        return target.test(i);    }}

package my.test;import java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler;import java.lang.reflect.Method;import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;public class DynamicProxyTest implements InvocationHandler {    private Test target;    private DynamicProxyTest(Test target) {        this.target = target;    }    public static Test newProxyInstance(Test target) {        return (Test) Proxy                .newProxyInstance(DynamicProxyTest.class.getClassLoader(),                        new Class<?>[] { Test.class },                        new DynamicProxyTest(target));    }    public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args)            throws Throwable {        return method.invoke(target, args);    }}

package my.test;import java.lang.reflect.Method;import net.sf.cglib.proxy.Enhancer;import net.sf.cglib.proxy.MethodInterceptor;import net.sf.cglib.proxy.MethodProxy;public class CglibProxyTest implements MethodInterceptor {        private CglibProxyTest() {    }        public static <T extends Test> Test newProxyInstance(Class<T> targetInstanceClazz){        Enhancer enhancer = new Enhancer();        enhancer.setSuperclass(targetInstanceClazz);        enhancer.setCallback(new CglibProxyTest());        return (Test) enhancer.create();    }    public Object intercept(Object obj, Method method, Object[] args,            MethodProxy proxy) throws Throwable {        return proxy.invokeSuper(obj, args);    }}

package my.test;import java.util.LinkedHashMap;import java.util.Map;public class ProxyPerfTester {    public static void main(String[] args) {        //创建测试对象；        Test nativeTest = new TestImpl();        Test decorator = new DecoratorTest(nativeTest);        Test dynamicProxy = DynamicProxyTest.newProxyInstance(nativeTest);        Test cglibProxy = CglibProxyTest.newProxyInstance(TestImpl.class);        //预热一下；        int preRunCount = 10000;        runWithoutMonitor(nativeTest, preRunCount);        runWithoutMonitor(decorator, preRunCount);        runWithoutMonitor(cglibProxy, preRunCount);        runWithoutMonitor(dynamicProxy, preRunCount);                //执行测试；        Map<String, Test> tests = new LinkedHashMap<String, Test>();        tests.put("Native   ", nativeTest);        tests.put("Decorator", decorator);        tests.put("Dynamic  ", dynamicProxy);        tests.put("Cglib    ", cglibProxy);        int repeatCount = 3;        int runCount = 1000000;        runTest(repeatCount, runCount, tests);        runCount = 50000000;        runTest(repeatCount, runCount, tests);    }        private static void runTest(int repeatCount, int runCount, Map<String, Test> tests){        System.out.println(String.format("\n==================== run test : [repeatCount=%s] [runCount=%s] [java.version=%s] ====================", repeatCount, runCount, System.getProperty("java.version")));        for (int i = 0; i < repeatCount; i++) {            System.out.println(String.format("\n--------- test : [%s] ---------", (i+1)));            for (String key : tests.keySet()) {                runWithMonitor(tests.get(key), runCount, key);            }        }    }        private static void runWithoutMonitor(Test test, int runCount) {        for (int i = 0; i < runCount; i++) {            test.test(i);        }    }        private static void runWithMonitor(Test test, int runCount, String tag) {        long start = System.currentTimeMillis();        for (int i = 0; i < runCount; i++) {            test.test(i);        }        long end = System.currentTimeMillis();        System.out.println("["+tag + "] Elapsed Time:" + (end-start) + "ms");    }}

==================== run test : [repeatCount=3] [runCount=1000000] [java.version=1.6.0_45] ====================--------- test : [1] ---------[Native   ] Elapsed Time:2ms[Decorator] Elapsed Time:12ms[Dynamic  ] Elapsed Time:31ms[Cglib    ] Elapsed Time:31ms--------- test : [2] ---------[Native   ] Elapsed Time:7ms[Decorator] Elapsed Time:7ms[Dynamic  ] Elapsed Time:31ms[Cglib    ] Elapsed Time:27ms--------- test : [3] ---------[Native   ] Elapsed Time:7ms[Decorator] Elapsed Time:6ms[Dynamic  ] Elapsed Time:23ms[Cglib    ] Elapsed Time:29ms==================== run test : [repeatCount=3] [runCount=50000000] [java.version=1.6.0_45] ====================--------- test : [1] ---------[Native   ] Elapsed Time:212ms[Decorator] Elapsed Time:226ms[Dynamic  ] Elapsed Time:1054ms[Cglib    ] Elapsed Time:830ms--------- test : [2] ---------[Native   ] Elapsed Time:184ms[Decorator] Elapsed Time:222ms[Dynamic  ] Elapsed Time:1020ms[Cglib    ] Elapsed Time:826ms--------- test : [3] ---------[Native   ] Elapsed Time:184ms[Decorator] Elapsed Time:208ms[Dynamic  ] Elapsed Time:979ms[Cglib    ] Elapsed Time:832ms

测试结果表明：jdk6 下，在运行次数较少的情况下，jdk动态代理与 cglib 差距不明显，甚至更快一些；而当调用次数增加之后， cglib 表现稍微更快一些，然而仅仅是“稍微”好一些，远没达到 10 倍差距。

jdk7 下的测试结果如下：

==================== run test : [repeatCount=3] [runCount=1000000] [java.version=1.7.0_60] ====================--------- test : [1] ---------[Native   ] Elapsed Time:2ms[Decorator] Elapsed Time:12ms[Dynamic  ] Elapsed Time:19ms[Cglib    ] Elapsed Time:26ms--------- test : [2] ---------[Native   ] Elapsed Time:3ms[Decorator] Elapsed Time:5ms[Dynamic  ] Elapsed Time:17ms[Cglib    ] Elapsed Time:20ms--------- test : [3] ---------[Native   ] Elapsed Time:4ms[Decorator] Elapsed Time:4ms[Dynamic  ] Elapsed Time:13ms[Cglib    ] Elapsed Time:27ms==================== run test : [repeatCount=3] [runCount=50000000] [java.version=1.7.0_60] ====================--------- test : [1] ---------[Native   ] Elapsed Time:208ms[Decorator] Elapsed Time:210ms[Dynamic  ] Elapsed Time:551ms[Cglib    ] Elapsed Time:923ms--------- test : [2] ---------[Native   ] Elapsed Time:238ms[Decorator] Elapsed Time:210ms[Dynamic  ] Elapsed Time:483ms[Cglib    ] Elapsed Time:872ms--------- test : [3] ---------[Native   ] Elapsed Time:217ms[Decorator] Elapsed Time:208ms[Dynamic  ] Elapsed Time:494ms[Cglib    ] Elapsed Time:881ms

测试结果表明：jdk7 下，情况发生了逆转！在运行次数较少（1,000,000）的情况下，jdk动态代理比 cglib 快了差不多30%；而当调用次数增加之后(50,000,000)，动态代理比 cglib 快了接近1倍。

接下来再看看jdk8下的表现如何。

jdk8 下的测试结果如下：

==================== run test : [repeatCount=3] [runCount=1000000] [java.version=1.8.0_05] ====================--------- test : [1] ---------[Native   ] Elapsed Time:5ms[Decorator] Elapsed Time:11ms[Dynamic  ] Elapsed Time:27ms[Cglib    ] Elapsed Time:52ms--------- test : [2] ---------[Native   ] Elapsed Time:4ms[Decorator] Elapsed Time:6ms[Dynamic  ] Elapsed Time:11ms[Cglib    ] Elapsed Time:24ms--------- test : [3] ---------[Native   ] Elapsed Time:4ms[Decorator] Elapsed Time:5ms[Dynamic  ] Elapsed Time:9ms[Cglib    ] Elapsed Time:26ms==================== run test : [repeatCount=3] [runCount=50000000] [java.version=1.8.0_05] ====================--------- test : [1] ---------[Native   ] Elapsed Time:194ms[Decorator] Elapsed Time:211ms[Dynamic  ] Elapsed Time:538ms[Cglib    ] Elapsed Time:965ms--------- test : [2] ---------[Native   ] Elapsed Time:194ms[Decorator] Elapsed Time:214ms[Dynamic  ] Elapsed Time:503ms[Cglib    ] Elapsed Time:969ms--------- test : [3] ---------[Native   ] Elapsed Time:190ms[Decorator] Elapsed Time:209ms[Dynamic  ] Elapsed Time:495ms[Cglib    ] Elapsed Time:939ms

测试结果表明：jdk8 下，延续了 JDK7 下的惊天大逆转！不过还观察另外有一个细微的变化，从绝对值来看 cglib 在 jdk8 下的表现似乎比 jdk7 还要差一点点，尽管只是一点点，但经过反复多次的执行仍然是这个趋势（注：这个趋势的结论并不严谨，只是捎带一提，如需得出结论还需进行更多样的对比实验）。

结论：从 jdk6 到 jdk7、jdk8 ，动态代理的性能得到了显著的提升，而 cglib 的表现并未跟上，甚至可能会略微下降。传言的 cglib 比 jdk动态代理高出 10 倍的情况也许是出现在更低版本的 jdk 上吧。

以上测试用例虽然简单，但揭示了 jdk 版本升级可能会带来一些新技术改变，会使我们以前的经验失效。放在真实业务场景下时，还需要按照实际情况进行测试后才能得出特定于场景的结论。

总之，实践出真知，还要与时俱进地去检视更新一些以往经验。

注：上述实验中 cglib 的版本是 3.1 。

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