TOEFL(20151205)分析

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R1：照片的发展历史

全文逻辑

全文围绕着照片的发展历史。一开始，人们使用的照相技术的照片质量不行，慢慢地，照片开始发展到可以满足家庭成员的需要了，再到后来，普通群众已经可以通过照片来了解商界或者政界的相关的人物以及故事了。

词汇

Supplement v. 补充

Exclusively adv. 单独地

Anxious adj. 焦急的

Enduring adj. 持久的

Eliminate v. 减除

Culminate v. 达到极点

Exploit v. 使用

Initiate v. 初始化

Emergence n. 出现

Autonomous adj. 自治的

 

R2：欧洲城镇的发展历史

全文逻辑

城镇的发展史。欧洲存在着地主控制着土地和经济。城镇和村庄的区别不在于人数的多少，而在于很多综合的方面。比如城镇的人口密度大，贸易发达，法律体系严格等等。

词汇

Urban n. 城镇

Rural n. 乡村

Population density n. 人口密度

Commerce n. 贸易

Legal system n. 法律体系

Settlement n. 聚居地

 

R3：农业社会的发展

全文逻辑

原始社会转型向农业社会发生在同一时间，然后历史学家开始去研究相关的原因。答案是气候变暖。

词汇

Crop cultivation n. 种植业

Agrarian society n. 农业社会

High latitudes n. 高纬度

Fixed adj. 固定的

Arid n. 干旱

Gymnosperm n. 裸子植物

 

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C1：改论文

全文逻辑

老师想让学生更换论文主题，学生很不情愿。因为学生已经研究很深入了，比如动物的语言不能说是语言，而说是有意义的声音，比如对声音和颜色的分类等等都作了深入的研究。

词汇

Reluctant adj. 情愿的

Flexible adj. 情愿的

Mimic v. 模仿

Willingness n. 意愿

 

L1 ：洛可可绘画

全文逻辑

全文讲述了一种绘画艺术，这种绘画艺术不同于传统的绘画艺术，即洛可可艺术画。洛可可艺术画具有华丽的，装饰性的特点。它的目的主要是为欧洲腐朽的贵族进行服务的。

词汇

Lighthearted adj. 轻松欢快的

Mysterious adj. 神秘的

Chalk n. 粉笔

Rotten adj. 腐朽的

Noble n. 贵族

Rococo art n. 洛可可艺术

Religious adj. 宗教的

 

L2：共生关系

全文逻辑

全文主要讲述了蛾子和树木共生的关系。蛾子的卵放置在树木的叶子上，太多的卵会被树木弄掉。树木的种子会养育幼年的蛾子，蛾子成熟之后，会帮助树木进行传播种子，树木就得以繁衍后代了。

词汇

Negative adj. 负面的

Moth n. 蛾子

Stick adj. 粘

Pollinate v. 授粉

Survival rate n. 生存率

 

C2 ：学生活动

全文逻辑

学生问老师运动队的啥活动，老师说网上就可以自己去看的到。学生和老师讨论什么跑到穿什么鞋子合适，老师说学生听起来好像还蛮专业的，建议学生去参加学校的运动协会，但是学生说更喜欢自己去跑步。后来，老师建议学生在有空的时间内尽量地自己去参加跑步，学生说这是一个好的建议，以后会经常去跑步的。

词汇

Idle adj. 空闲的

Runway n. 跑道

Profession n. 专业

 

L3：维京海盗

全文逻辑

维京人有很多的英雄传说，这些传说很多都还挺准确的。后来研究了相应的地点，证明了维京人的一些传说其实还是很准确的。

词汇

Saga n. 传说

Isolated adj. 分离的

Trace n. 痕迹

Accuracy n. 准确

 

L4: 地球板块运动

全文逻辑

全文主要讲述了地球板块的运动，一开始整个板块都是一个的，后来板块之间开始分离，板块与板块之间出现了海盆。接着对盆地的形成进行了解释，说是板块与板块之间冲突，然后出现地震，之后地球内部的岩浆开始喷涌了出来，然后岩浆在板块之间开始聚集，慢慢地，两个板块之间的这一个部分就开始形成了盆地。

词汇

Mantle n. 地幔

Continental separation hypothesis n. 大陆分离假说

Submarine basin n. 海底盆地

 

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S1：工作类

问题

Which one of the following jobs deserves a higher salary? Teacher, policeman or nurse?

回答

Well, personally, I think policeman should get paid more money. One important reason is that policeman works under high risks. A few months ago, we could French policemen were fatally wounded in the terrorist attack. And even we can saw that police officers would get hurt and get killed in a lot of extreme cases. They always get home late and leave home early, it is really harsh for policeman to continue their work. So that is why I think policeman should get a higher salary.

 

S2：志愿类

问题

Should students be required to do volunteer work?

回答

Well, personally, I think students should be required to do volunteer work. One important reason is that it is really important for students to learn how to give back to the society. Take myself for an example, as a students, I was usually asked to work as an volunteer to clear the street. And during the progress, I indeed learn a lot of knowledge from doing this, such as do not throw rubbish away, this is because it is hard for cleaner to clean it away. It also a good way to keep the city neat, and contribute a bit of our contribution to the city. So, that is why I think students should be required to do volunteer work.

 

S3：剧院类

问题

学校打算将剧院移走，学生不同意。其一是剧院对学生很重要，搬出去了之后很不方便。其二是学生已经很适应现在的设备了，更改设备之后可能会给学生带来不利。

回答

The university announces that it is going to move the theater off campus. The student disagree with this. One important reason is that the threater is really important for students, if it moved away, it would be inconvenient for students. Another important reason is that students has used to the old facility, if the university changes equipments, it would cos the fact that stduents may not able to play well as before.

 

S4：作决定类

问题

教授讲述了级联关系，即人们在做决定的时候会受到之前已经做完决定了的人的影响。

回答

The professor talks about an academic term named the concept of information cascade. It means that people tend to follow others and make the same choice. In the example, the professor wanted to go to an Italian place to have dinner. But after noticing the French restaurants was full of customers, the professor changed her opinion. Unfortunately, the food there is bad and it was not a vary good experience.

 

S5：受伤类

问题

女生受伤了不能参加跳舞。其一是找一个人替代他，其二是自己上。

回答

The woman has a problem that she gets hurt and cannot perform in the dance. There are two possible solutions. The first one is that finding another guy to replace her or going to dance by herself. Personally, I think she should go to dance by herself. One important reason is that she can feel better during the training. Another important reason is that if she finds someone to replace her, the whole dance might perform worse.

 

S6：捕食类

问题

全文讲述了鱼类逃天敌的两种方法。其一是感知到天敌的存在，其二是超强的躲避策略。

回答

The professor talks about two ways to avoid predators for fish. The first way is detecting the predators. In the example, the Zebrafish can detect its predators by its small hair cells. Another way is hind. In the example, Trout can hind in flowing water while still breath for a long time.

 

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W1：食品类

问题

全文探索食物罐头导致船员死亡，其一是罐头封装不会进到食物里面。其二是没有船员有罐头死亡的先例。其三是还有其他的死亡的来源，比如用水等等。听力中，其一，工作时间长，紧张导致没有密封。其二是船员很累，很多症状都已经忽略了。其三是净水装置区分使用，很安全的。

词汇

Crew n. 船员

Precedent n. 先例

Neglect v. 忽略

Water purification device n. 净水装置

Symptom n. 症状

Exhausted adj. 劳累的

Sealed adj. 密封的

 

W2：互联网类

问题

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement that government, instead of individuals, should cover Internet fees.

词汇

Fallout n. 后果

Declination of quality n. 质量下降

Irrelevant adj. 无关的

Essential part n. 重要的组成部分

Service provider n. 服务商

Unemploy v. 失业