关于OpenCV的那些事——ORB的brief描述子(256bit)的match心得

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用了ORB那么久,今天第一次将256bit的描述子打印出来,直观看到了match的汉明距离。


上代码:

#include <iostream>#include <bitset>#include <opencv2/core/core.hpp>#include <opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp>#include <opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp>#include <opencv2/features2d/features2d.hpp>using namespace std;using namespace cv;int main(){Mat image = imread("t.png");Mat image1 = imread("t1.png");Mat gray,gray1;cvtColor(image, gray, CV_BGR2GRAY);cvtColor(image1, gray1, CV_BGR2GRAY);ORB orb(1000);vector<KeyPoint> keypoints,keypoints1;orb.detect(gray, keypoints);orb.detect(gray1, keypoints1);Mat descriptors, descriptors1;orb.compute(gray, keypoints, descriptors);orb.compute(gray1, keypoints1, descriptors1);BFMatcher bf(NORM_HAMMING);vector<DMatch> matches,good;bf.match(descriptors, descriptors1, matches);for (size_t i = 0; i < matches.size(); ++i){if (matches[i].distance < 20)good.push_back(matches[i]);}cout << good.size() << endl <<endl;Mat imagem;drawMatches(image, keypoints, image1, keypoints1, good,imagem);imshow("1", imagem);for (size_t i = 0; i < good.size(); ++i){cout << "第" << i+1 << "对匹配上的描述子,汉明距离为:" << (int)good[i].distance << endl;for (int j = 0; j < 32; j++){cout << bitset<8>( (int)descriptors.at<uchar>(good[i].queryIdx, j) ) << "  ";cout << bitset<8>( (int)descriptors1.at<uchar>(good[i].trainIdx, j) ) <<endl;}cout << endl;}waitKey(0);return 0;}
查看了Mat descriptors的信息,行数为keypoints的值,列数为32,说明type为CV_8U(256/32=8)通道的话就只能是1通道。(PS: 强制转换到CV_32U等均报错)

不同于brief描述子的uchar类型,sift和surf均采用float型。所以ORB(brief)描述子8维,32bytes(256bits),CV_8UC1。SIFT描述子128维,512bytes,CV_32UC4(512*8/32 = 32*4,第一个32表示描述子Mat是32列,第二个32表示float类型)。SURF描述子64维,256bytes,CV_32UC2。(OpenCV里compute的描述子的列数都是32)


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